【作者】 王为径；

【导师】 姜春云； 叶敬忠；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业大学 ， 农村发展与管理， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 农村变迁是研究“农”的谱系中无法绕过的命题。本研究沿着知识考古学的理论脉络,对改革开放至今的国家发展背景下的村庄变迁进行对比与梳理,深入地阐释了近三十年国家发展话语中“农”内涵的拓展,以及其之于整个国家现代化建设的角色功能嬗变；另一方面,借用后发展理论的分析框架,通过解析技术统治、商品主导和新村模范三大发展机制,本研究力图还原现代化进程中农村变迁的基本动力。与此同时,用田野调查的方法在河北青林县柳村做了深入研究,积累了大量的资料,并以历史分析和民族志“深描”作为研究方法,厘清了小社区和大历史的远近关系,完成了一个综合民族志,并重塑了历史语境下的村庄叙事。民族志细致描述了柳村个人的生计方式、生活态度和人生轨迹的嬗变,以及村庄历史中村容村貌、村落文化、社会结构的不断发展。一方面,不同村民生命中的奋斗、挣扎、彷徨和坚持的丰富生命经验,极其有力地诠释了变迁的脉络；另一方面,一个普通中国村庄的历史过程,也毫无疑问展现了国家发展的当代诉求。作者认为,农村变迁方向的确立不能离开以下三个方面的影响：第一,国家对“农”的话语的反复建构,既凸显了国家发展对“农”的期许,也表达了“农”在每个阶段的历史意义。第二,国家对“农”的现代化进程的不断设计——经由技术精进农民的生产生活资料,从而压缩农民的生活时空；经由商品干预农民的买卖自由,从而挤占农民的市场空间；经由新村建设改造农村的乡土风情,从而重塑农民的村庄愿景。第三,在此基础上,本研究不但试图将一个渺小的华北村庄置于整个国家发展与城市建设的国情之下,更希望将其引入发展主义指导下的全球村庄图景当中,去探究涉及全球化对农耕为主的村庄、本土文化、本土技艺等的巨大作用。在文章的最后,作者尝试提出一种强国家-强农民社会协同治理的可能性,以期缓解目前涉农问题可能存在的一些矛盾,指引农村变迁进入更为有力的发展方向。本研究的创新意义在于,传统的农村变迁的田野研究,或者过于强调对“发展”与“增长”的推崇,或者专注在村落文化凋敝的评述当中。此研究从宏观上对历史文本进行“农”的考古学研究,从微观上以综合民族志作为理论和方法,并放眼于全球的发展背景之下,通过建构微观小叙事,与大历史彼此关照,更为透彻地阐释农政变迁与发展之间的相辅相成。与此同时,笔者引入后发展视角进行农村变迁分析,继承了其对“发展”的整体认识,认为后发展理论作为分析框架,足以解释近三十余年来的农村乃至整个国家的发展内容与趋势,为中国村庄发展研究的全局视野和意义延展做出了一定探索。更多还原

【Abstract】 The agrarian change is a topic that could not be ignored In China. Following the path of theory of Knowledge Archaeology, this research looks back on the period from1978to date, which the entire country indulged into the advocacy of development, and explains the perception and role of Nong in the context of modernization during last three decades. In the other hand, by using the analysis framework of post development theory, technocracy, modification and new rurality could be perceived as three salient mechanisms, so as to find the basic motivation of agrarian change in rural China. Meanwhile, with a method of field survey procedure, the research accumulates a large amount of materials base on the long-term study on Liu village, Qinglin County in Hebei Province. And it completes an intergrated ethnography by way of thick description that clarifies the relationship between small community and macro-history.In this intergrated ethnography, a detailed narrative about Liu villagers is given in aspects such as changes of livelihood, attitude and life trajectory at individual level, with development of village appearance, culture and structure at social level. In the one hand, distinctive experiences from different peasants convincingly represent the historical course of changes; in the other hand, the history of an ordinary village undoubtly expresses the current developmental demands of state. The author suggests that the direction of agrarian changes could be confirmed tightly links with three dimensions. Firstly, the discourse of Nong repeatly constructed by state has been a signal both for showing what Nong is defined and illustrating the significance of Nong in different period. Secondly, the modernization of Nong is continuously designed-by enhancing standard of peasants’ material living in order to squeeze their time and space; by limiting peasants’ freedom of market behavior, so that they are partly excluded by the large market; by buiding new rurality to recreat peasants’ envision. Thirdly, on this basis, the research not only attempts to discuss the situation of the small village in the context of state development and urban construction, but also intends to locate it in the background of rural development in entire globe, for the purpose of exploring how the global culture influences on the local people, who is used to immerse in agricultural environment. At last, the author attempts to put forward a possibility of collaborative governance in the context of strong state and strong peasants society. By doing so, the research looks forward to alleviating some social contradiction and guiding people into a much adaptable path.The innovative meaning of the research lie in that most studies on rural changes focus excessively on "development" and "increase" or the depression of rural culture. At the macro level, the research emphasizes on historical discourse regarding the genealogy of Nong; at the micro level, it investigates on a small village, forms a contrast with macro-history by constructing micro-history and life history to better understand the emotions and lives of ordinary people as well as the position of small community in mighty history torrent. It also inherits post development theory and its perception of "development", considers post developmet theory could be used as a analysis framework to explain the development history of both rural China and the state, but also has significance for development studies on rural China.更多还原