【作者】 张晓平；

【导师】 朱道林；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业大学 ， 土地资源管理， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 土地整治是中国现阶段及未来相当长时间内土地利用及管理的核心内容之一,但作为一项大规模的系统工程和崭新事业,尚缺少必要和充分的理论准备。当前土地整治是一种基于问题导向的土地整治,在耦合土地整治效应与区域需求、统筹区域整治等方面存在缺陷。随着土地整治作用逐步凸显,迫切要求土地整治目标导向由具体土地问题转变为区域功能。面对土地整治的转型要求,构建支撑基于功能导向的土地整治的理论和方法,成为亟需研究的科学问题。西藏在自然地理条件、土地利用条件、发展阶段、居住习俗等方面独特,生态脆弱且生态地位突出,近些年生态退化问题严重。西藏土地整治必然有其特殊性,如何科学开展则成为西藏有待解决的现实问题。围绕上述科学问题及现实矛盾,开展了基于功能导向的土地整治理论与方法及实证研究。在土地整治与区域功能关系理论解释及土地整治的理论视野转变分析基础上,从内涵、目标、方式及分区等方面探索了基于功能导向的土地整治理论架构。引入PSR模型,构建了基于功能导向的土地整治分析框架,并分别研究了西藏土地利用功能压力、土地利用功能状态,以及基于功能导向的西藏土地整治目标、方式及分区。研究认为,分别从系统内外定性分析土地利用功能压力特征,是研究区域土地利用功能压力的一种可行方法,土地利用功能状态通过土地利用功能评价诊断,可从动态变异性评价及空间分异性评价2个方面进行。以西藏土地利用功能压力及状态为依据,分析认为遏制生态功能退化及提高社会功能是西藏土地整治的主要导向,减缓农业生产功能退化及提高经济功能是次要导向,耕地质量整治、农业生产方式整治等14种土地整治方式适用于功能导向下的西藏土地整治,生产功能主导整治区等4个一级区及藏中高山宽谷生产功能主导整治区等6个二级区的土地整治分区体现了区域功能导向,土地整治目标及方式的分区配置是统筹区域土地整治的基础。基于功能导向的土地整治凸显了区域功能对于土地整治的引导作用,是实现区域功能的有效途径。基于功能导向的土地整治理论与方法及实证分析,丰富和发展了土地整治理论与方法研究,是西藏土地整治系统性研究的尝试,为西藏土地整治科学开展提供了支撑。更多还原

【Abstract】 Land consolidation is one of the core content of land use and management in the present and future quite a long time in China. As a large-scale systems engineering and new business, it is limited by the lack of necessary and sufficient theoretical preparation. The current land consolidation is the typical "problem-oriented pattern", with obvious shortcomings in terms of the coupling between land consolidation effect and regional demand, and carrying out as a whole. Under the situation of improving status of land consolidation, it is urgent for the theoretical perspective of land consolidation to change from problem-oriented to function-oriented. That is to say, it is the objective tendency that the transformation of land consolidation based on problem-oriented pattern to function-oriented pattern. To promote the transformation of land consolidation, it is a major issue to building the theory and method of land consolidation based on function-oriented. In Tibet, The ecological environment is fragile, ecological status is important, and ecological degradation is serious in recent years. Also, Tibet is special in natural geographic condition, land use condition, developmental stage, living customs, etc. Under the background of the above, land consolidation has particularity inevitably in Tibet. Land consolidation following other areas simply will, no doubt, lead to the mismatch between land consolidation effect and regional demand. How to carry out land consolidation scientifically became the realistic problems to be solved in Tibet.All around these issues, this thesis took research on the theory, method and empirical analysis of land consolidation based on function-oriented pattern. The relation between land consolidation and regional function was explained theoretically, and the transformation of theoretical perspective was analyzed deeply first. Based on these explanation and analysis, the theoretical framework of land consolidation based on function-oriented pattern was build from the aspects of concept, target, mode and regionalization. Land consolidation based on function-oriented pattern was explained as follows:It is required to determine the function orientation according to the feature of regional land use function, find the influencing factors firstly; It concludes measures of engineering, biology and management base on function orientation and its influencing factors; It is a process to optimize the land use structure, and promote regional land use function. Target, mode and regionalization are the core content of land consolidation based on function-oriented pattern. The target is to promote regional land use function, the mode is to optimize or eliminate the constraints of land use function, and the regionalization reflects spatial arrangement of target and mode.An analysis framework for land consolidation based on function-oriented pattern was established with PSR model. Based on the framework, this thesis did some method and empirical analysis on the pressure of land use function, the state of land use function, and the response of land consolidation. Firstly, the influence factors of the pressure of land use function were analyzed, and they were used to explain the features of internal pressure, input pressure and output pressure of land use function in Tibet. The pressure level was compared among land use functions according to the features. These researches show that qualitative analysis from inside and outside of the system respectively is a feasible way to explain the pressure of land use function. Secondly, the state of land use function was diagnosed by assessment of land use function, which was mainly including dynamic variability assessment and spatial differentiation assessment. The assessment method of dynamic variability was established and implied to the research in Tibet. The results show change features of the whole and each land use function in Tibet. Analogously, the assessment method of spatial differentiation was established and implied to the research in Tibet. The results show spatial differentiations of land use function in Tibet. These researches show that classification statistical analysis can be used to reflect the level of land use function of each unit, global autocorrelation analysis can be used to estimate the significance of the spatial differentiation of land use function, and local autocorrelation analysis can be used to represent the space expression of clustering further. Finally, the response of land consolidation was analyzed based on the pressure and the state of land use function in Tibet. The result about the research on the target showed that controlling the degeneration of the ecology function and promoting the social function were the primary guiding of land consolidation, slowing the degradation of farm production function and promoting the economic function were the secondary guiding of land consolidation in Tibet. According to the analysis of the restrictive factors, there were14land consolidation modes put forward, which were suitable for Tibet, such as improvement of cultivated land quality, update of agricultural production mode, etc. Based on the spatial differentiations of land use function and the natural conditions such as landscape features, the entire region was divided into4land consolidation regions and6land consolidation sub-regions with overlay method. The target and mode of each region were given subsequently.It is considered that land consolidation based on function-oriented pattern highlights the area function guide for land consolidation, and is an effective way to promote regional function. The theoretical, methodological, and empirical researches on land consolidation based on function-oriented pattern enriched and developed the land consolidation theory and method research. The research is a exploration of systematic research in Tibet, and will provide scientific support for land consolidation work in Tibet as well.更多还原