【作者】 陈晶环；

【导师】 叶敬忠；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业大学 ， 农村发展与管理， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 作为国家与社会二元分化的产物——公共空间,承载着国家与社会的互动活动,并在国家与社会的力量对比造成的情境中成长。在这一场域中,多个主体共存,对场域形成不同的形塑力,进而对农村社会的建设形成影响。本文采用实地调查的方法,对宋村公共空间转型过程进行追溯,对其内部社会结构进行分析,借此建立农村公共空间的分析模型,以揭示在农村现代化过程中发展力量对农村公共空间的塑造,以及农民自反性对自上而下塑造的回应力。第一部分阐释了本文的研究起源、相关文献综述、研究设计、研究方法、研究背景等基本情况。在改革开放的三十年中,宋村的变化表现在社会、家庭、个人三个层面上,具体表现为：农村社会由政治阶层划分的社会向经济阶层划分的社会转变；农村家庭由凝聚性家庭向分散化家庭转变；农民个人身份由社员身份向农民身份转变。村庄层面组织形态和个体层面生活方式的变化带来了传统农村公共空间的式微。第二部分主要是从横纵两个方面来论述农村公共空间的转型。在纵向历时方面,以历史为脉络,从消费、政治、社会、娱乐四个维度来具体说明公共空间的演变过程。四种类型的公共空间在不同程度上受到国家权力和市场化力量影响,因此呈现出商品化、功利化、私人化、城市化等特质。在横向共时方面,本文对宋村公共空间的内部结构进行分析。在强调平等、开放的公共空间内,性别分工和阶层划分勾勒出公共空间中的无形边界,并将其分割为不同的互动平台。借鉴政治经济学的视角,分析村委会、村干部的追随者等权力主体对公共空间的人为塑造过程,而这个过程对农民的参与性、表达意愿产生影响。第三部分阐释了在农村公共空间的转型过程中,公共空间的主体——农民并不是盲目的跟从者,其日常交往、互动行为对公共空间形成了塑造力量。个体在现代化的过程中受到两种待遇：一方面是发展对人的压制,另一方面是个体自我意识的成长。个体自我参与意识和表达意愿在个体化过程中得到充分发育,农民在个人利益的驱动下形成公共空间的生产、私人空间中的公共活动,以及自发的公共活动。最后的部分为本文的结论。发展主义包裹下的实用主义和物质主义,将农村公共空间视为发展的手段,而非发展的目标,即公共空间在于成就国家的管理和经济的发展,并不在于公共空间本身的完善与发展。农民作为公共空间的主体成为公共空间中被忘记的人。自反性力量在微观的、边缘的层面上碰触公共空间的性别、阶层、权力限制,推动公共空间的平民化。农村公共空间在改革开放后所呈现出的变化为由机械的、军事化的团结,到国家和市场双重影响下的公共空间发展了私人化、商品化等特征,再到这两者作用下的公共空间主体所经历的个体化和呈现的自反性来反拨发展主义对公共生活的侵蚀。具有多元性、个性化的农村公共空间,包容着农民的不同声音,承载着村庄的公共生活和共同信仰,也呈现着新发展观所强调的整合性、内生性和综合性。农民对公共空间的重新整理和维持表现出的一种自我关怀的意识,恰恰是对发展主义的批判。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a product of society from the state, public space is the platform of state and society interactive,which developed in the different context that shaped by the different contrast power between state and society. In this field, the multiple subjects from the state and society work together and make effect on the construction of rural social. Based on the method of field study, this paper has reviewed the process of Song Village public space transformation and analyzed the social structure of public space, in order to form the analysis mode of rural public space, meanwhile, proclaim that how the power of development shape the rural public space and how the reflexivity of peasant relect on this kind of shaping.The first part illustrates the origin of research, the relevant literature review, research design and methods, etc. During the30years of reform and opening up, the transformation of Song Village shows in three levels:from the political society to the economical society; from cohesive family to diversify family; from a member’s identity to peasant identity. The transformation of village organization and the peasant lifestyle brought the constranction of traditional rural public space.The second part illustrates the transation of public space from two aspects.In longitudinal diachronic aspect, this article specify the public space from the consumption, political, social and entertainment dimensions. The analysison on the four types of public space aim to interprete the different types of public space in the evolution process of the longitudinal profile. Four types of public space are affected by state and market power in different extent, and thus presents the modernization qualities, such as commercialization, utilitarian,urbanization,privaliazation.In horizontal synchronic aspects, this part analyzes the internal structure of Song Village public space. In the equalitable, open public space, the division of gender and labor outline the invisible boundary of public space and divided public space into different interactive platform. In the perspective of political economics, this part analyze the process of public space,which shaped by village committee, the followers of power, which influences the participation and expression of farmers.The third part illustrates that in the process of rural public space transformation, the subject of public space is not a blind follower, unconscious behavior of peansant shape the public space. In the process of modernization,the individual experience two kinds of encounter:on the one hand, the development suppress people, on the other hand, the individual self consciousness grows. Participation and express consciousness of peasant will be fully developed in the process of individualization. In the interests of the individual peasant form the public space of the production, public activities in the private space, and spontaneous public activities.The last part is the conclusion of the paper. Developmentalism including pragmatism and materialism take the rural public space as a means, rather than the development goals. The public space service the management and the development of economy. As the subject of public space peasant become forgotten one in public space. Reflexivity power break limit of the public space on the microcosmic and edge level, which set by the gender, class, power, that promote the public space to be democratized.After the reform and opening, the tranfomation of rural public space present that from mechanical, militarized unity to the private, commercial public space, which is under the modern power of state and market, that the peasant experiencing the individualization and the reflexivity rendering of the erosion of public life. Diversified and individual rural public space inclusive the farmer’s different voice, bear the weight of the public life of the village and common faith, also present the integration, endogenous, and culture, which emphasized by the new concept of development. That farmers rearrangement and maintain public space shows a kind of self care consciousness, which is criticism of the developmentalism.更多还原