【作者】 何津；

【导师】 王德海；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业大学 ， 农村发展与管理， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 现代农业产业技术体系创新团队(以下简称“创新团队”)可谓是我国第一个大规模、高投入、政府主导的农业科技服务体系创新,是对传统政府农技推广体系体制、机制上的创新。政府利用其强大的行政力量聚集了丰富的人力、财力、物力资源,以产品为单元、产业为主线的思路建立了创新团队,以期摆脱科研、推广、生产相脱节的农业发展困境。究竟政府主导创新团队在多大程度上实现了推广目标以及如何实现,目前还缺乏对创新团队全面、系统的解读。基于以上思考,本文用农业知识与信息系统(AKIS)理论对以北京现代农业产业技术体系创新团队为例的农业科技服务体系创新进行解构,探寻其运行的内在机制和规律。在研究方法上,本文以人文主义方法论为指导,采用了文献分析、案例研究、问卷调查归纳演绎等方法,对北京市创新团队进行了定量分析和定性研究。本文创新使用AKIS理论为研究视角,结合发展传播、农业推广等理论,从子系统、信息过程、系统机制和系统运行四个方面进行了系统研究,主要发现：(1)从组织架构上,创新团队嵌套在传统政府农技推广体系上；创新团队将“科研”内化到推广体系之中,使科研和推广联系机制显性化；(2)创新团队各子系统之间的信息传播是有效率的,在信息传播的方向上实现了“自上而下”和“自下而上”的双向传播；(3)信息、技术有效传播的关键节点是田间学校工作站,通过进一步分析发现田间学校“参与”理念和开办程序的制度化是农户需求有效表达的关键；(4)创新团队在实践中是“双轨”运行模式,分别以功能研究室和田间学校工作站为中心对不同类型的目标群体提供技术推广服务；(5)创新团队的技术和服务供给满足了小农户的生产需求,小农户群体实现了AKIS中的应用者控制；(6)在市场经济环境下,生产规模较大的农户是市场的目标群体,政府干预是效率低下的；对小农户而言,政府干预的成功体现在信息干预上；(7)将农业知识与信息系统(AKIS)的范围缩小到田间学校工作站和农户两个层面来进行考量,可以发现构建的农业知识与信息系统是有效的。为此,本文建议：(1)创新团队中有效农业知识和信息系统现实的关键在于农民田间学校,政府应继续开办农民田间学校,并努力将农民田间学校合法化,将其成为政府推广部门的职能之一长期存在；(2)在基层农技推广体系改革中,政府应更多地以小农户为目标群体,以需求为导向,提供更多技术信息和服务,行使其公益性职能,保护小农利益,实现传统农业向现代农业的平稳过渡；(3)政府应利用强大的资源整合能力拓展公益职能搭建平台,发挥主导作用,增强涉农企业、农民合作组织等的农技需求方与科研院所、大专院校等农技供给方的紧密合作,推进农业技术的转移和应用。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System Innovation Team (hereinafter referred to as "Innovation Team") can be called the first agricultural technology service system innovation of China considering its scale, input and policy support. It is also an innovation of the traditional government-driven agricultural technology extension system. The resourceful government provides large support of human, finance and material to establish the Innovation Team, which is classified by products and industry, aiming to break through the dilemma of disconnection between agricultural research, extension and production. Whether has the Innovation Team obtained its objective? How has it obtained it? This research is going to answer the above questions by using the Agricultural Knowledge and Information System (AKIS) theory to deconstruct the Innovation Team-driven agricultural technology service system and study on its universally applicable rules.This research is based on the humanistic methodology, adopts literature analysis, case study, questionnaire survey, and induction and deduction, etc, studying the Innovation Team qualitatively and quantitatively. It applies the AKIS theoretical framework, combined with theories of development communication and agricultural extension, to systematically study the Innovation Team from four aspects:subsystem, information process, system mechanism, and system operation.Major findings are:1) the Innovation system is nested on the traditional agricultural extension system and acted as a supplement of it;2) information flow within the Innovation Team is fluent and effective, demonstrating a "top to bottom" and "bottom to top" two-way communication;3) the critical node of information diffusion is the Farmer Field School (FFS). Its philosophy of "participation" and the institutionalization of FFS opening procedure largely support farmers to express their demand with high effectiveness.4) the Innovation Team is operated under a double-track mechanism. The function laboratories and FFS working stations jointly offer agricultural extension service for target clients;5) small-scale farmers obtain user control of AKIS;6) large-scale farmers are target clients of the market. Government intervention under such circumstances is proved to be less efficient. The success of intervention on small-scale farmers is reflected on intervention of information;7) the narrowed AKIS between FFS station and farmer is effective.Based on the above findings, this paper makes following proposals:1) during the reform of agricultural extension system, the government should set the small-scale farmers as target clients;2) the government should continue to operate FFS, legalize FFS system, and incorporate is as part of the government functions;3) the government should set up platform to promote the communication between agricultural companies, farmer cooperatives and agricultural research institutions so as to promote technology transmission and application.更多还原