【作者】 何美丽；

【导师】 左停；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业大学 ， 农村发展与管理， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 蔬菜价格波动和质量安全问题成为社会热点。本文对北京蔬菜供应链进行实证研究,基于实地调研,采用定性分析与定量分析方法,探讨蔬菜供应链中的话语权形成与嬗变及其影响效果,揭示蔬菜价格波动与质量安全问题产生的社会根源。蔬菜供应链本质上是“权力”传播链,相关主体的话语经“权力”传播链传递并对受体产生特定的影响效果,产生了话语权,形成对受体的影响、控制、支配的权力,受体的“反抗”或转变推动话语权的转移与嬗变,同时政府和新闻媒介也推动了供应链中话语权的历史变迁。从北京以批发市场为核心、以龙头企业为核心到“农超对接”的蔬菜供应链,话语权布局不断调整,在缩短供应环节、减少成本、平抑菜价、稳定蔬菜供应等方面发挥了积极作用。然而,从本质上来讲,蔬菜供应链中的话语权布局整体上并未变革,话语权始终由批发市场及批发商、龙头企业或超市等主体掌握,因此获得更多议价权与合作利益,但蔬菜安全上的话语权被利益“绑架”而“虚化”,陷入无效或低效状态,造成蔬菜安全隐患。菜农与消费者一直缺失话语权与议价权,还可能被转嫁市场经营风险及其损失,“种菜的不挣钱,吃菜的不便宜”,呈“两头哭中间笑”的利益分配格局,唯以“弱者的武器”来反抗,导致蔬菜“劣币驱逐良币”而加剧蔬菜滞销与安全问题。在“农消对接”中菜农及农业合作社与消费者基本实现了话语权对等,却难以成为大众化蔬菜供应的主要形式。因此,单纯的蔬菜供应链结构优化与创新无法根本破解蔬菜价格频繁波动、蔬菜质量安全问题频发的迷局。此外,政府的话语权行使不到位,所实施的一轮又一轮的平抑物价措施反倒使菜农成为最终“受伤者”。在此基础上,本文对当前我国蔬菜供应中的几个热点问题进行讨论：蔬菜市场竞争格局已形成,但市场机制对于菜农与消费者的话语权形成失灵；现行蔬菜供应政策培育的是蔬菜市场经营的垄断力量和话语权控制主体；蔬菜质量安全问题单一地归咎于农民是进一步对农民话语权的剥夺；政府并非蔬菜质量安全监管与保障的唯一主体。更多还原

【Abstract】 Price fluctuation and quality safety of vegetables is a growing problem in China. In this dissertation, I develop historical, qualitative and quantitative distinctions between four typical supply chains of vegetable by tracing back to how power of discourse was formed, changed, and what effects it brought to excavate the social roots which caused price fluctuation and quality safety problems. I argue that the vegetable supply chain is actually a chain of power transmission in which power of discourse was formed when discourse was used by subjects of discourse to impress, control and dominate objects of discourse. Moreover, resistance of objects drove the transmission and changing of power of power, while government and social media promoted the historical change of power of discourse in the supply chain.It is proved in the study that distribution of power of discourse was adjusted continuously to shorten supply chain, reduce operating cost and stabilize price and supply of vegetable when vegetable supply chain changed from ’wholesale market as the core’,’leading enterprises as the core’ to’farming-supermarket docking’. However, in essence, distribution of power of discourse wasn’t changed at root if through an integral view, because power of discourse was still controlled by wholesalers, leading enterprises and supermarkets that held power of price negotiation and gained maximized benefits in their cooperation. Power of discourse on quality safety was also ’kidnapped’by their interest to be "vacuous", that is, no efficiency or low efficiency. Vegetable farmers and consumers were all excluded from benefit group and their power of discourse and power of price negotiation were missing.’Those who grow vegetable cant make money’ and ’those who buy vegetable cant save money’ described the situation of distribution of power of discourse. They are oppressed to take the risk and loss in market, or use low price agricultural capital as ’weapons of the weak’, which causes’bad money drives out good’. In ’farming-consumer docking’ model, farmers, consumers and cooperatives could gain equal power of discourse and price negotiation. Nevertheless, it can’t become the main model of popular vegetable supply chain yet. Therefore, structure optimization of vegetable supply chain itself can’t automatically break the puzzle where price fluctuation and quality safety frequently occurred. Beside, inadequate government initiatives on stabilizing price brought farmers benefit lost on the contrary.At last, this paper argued four hot issues in vegetable supply, including:vegetable market competitive situation has been formed, but market only got malfunction in farmer’s and consumer’s discourse power; present vegetable supply policy breeded entities with monopoly power in the vegetable market who controlled discourse power; vegetable quality and safety issues simply attributed to farmers, depriving of farmer’s discourse power and the government was not the single deparment to manage and guarantee vegetable quality and safety.更多还原