流动人口就业代际差异及其影响因素研究

【作者】 王箐；

【导师】 童玉芬；

【作者基本信息】 首都经济贸易大学 ， 劳动经济学， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 流动人口大规模持续不断地从农村进入城市,是我国改革开发以来所发生的最重要人口现象之一。进入21世纪以来,我国的流动人口群体正在发生分化。上个世纪80、90年代进城务工的第一代流动人口正在逐步退出城市,作为改革开放进程中成长起来的新型劳动群体—第一代流动人口的子女开始加入劳动大军并成为流动人口的主体。当今中国经济与社会的快速发展,使年轻一代和年长一代流动人口由于出生和成长的时代背景不同而具备了显著不同的个体人格特征。他们在迥然相异的家庭环境和社会环境下,不再是具有高度同质性的抽象群体,而是分化为在文化、观念和行为上都有着明显差别的两个亚群体。由于新生代流动人口受教育程度高、职业期望值高、物质和精神享受要求高、工作耐受力低等自身特点,加之我国劳动力市场发展尚不成熟,完全平等的市场化的劳动关系尚未建成,养老、工伤、医疗保险等保障制度欠完善等社会因素,使这些新生代流动人口处在极度不稳定的就业状态。而当前我国经济发展正处在一个城乡就业矛盾凸显的时期,在未来比较长的时期内,我国都将面临沉重的就业压力,扩大就业是我国当前和今后长期的重大而艰巨的任务。流动人口不仅规模巨大,而且就业能力低,就业条件差,就业状况很不乐观。这些问题若得不到及时解决,势必会加剧城乡差距,威胁社会稳定,阻碍城市化进城,最终会影响城市的经济社会发展。因此,流动人口就业是就业问题的关键。研究第一代流动人口与新生代流动人口的就业差异不仅关系到这些流动人口自身的生计与发展,还关系到整个国家的经济发展和社会稳定,是亟待解决的问题。本文通过对国家计生委的数据分析,对流动人口的就业代际差异及其对劳动力市场的影响进行了研究。首先,需要对国内外相关理论和研究成果进行系统整理与分析,并对流动人口就业的历史演变过程及现状进行梳理与描述。其次,在对已有定量方法加以分析比较的基础上,选择适合的定量指标,对流动劳动力在就业水平、结构、质量和稳定性等多方面的代际差异进行定量衡量和对比。并结合历年的动态监测数据,对其纵向变化过程进行比较分析。再次,从各个层面上对流动人口就业代际差异的原因进行分析,进而对流动人口就业代际差异的影响因素进行分析。最后,在上述研究的基础上,提出改进新生代流动劳动力就业质量,促进劳动力市场正常发育和运行的可操作政策建议。本文分析流动人口在就业状况及就业行为的代际差异,了解两代流动人口就业行为的变化状况以及对流动人口融入城市、对于劳动力市场的供需状况和我国未来经济发展,具有重要的理论意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the reform and opening up, the massive flow of the population continuously from the country to the city, is one of the most important demographic phenomena occurred. Since twenty-first Century, China’s floating population is undergoing differentiation. The migrant workers in the first generation are gradually withdraw from the city. New labor group began to join the labor force and become the main body of the floating population. The rapid development of economy and society in China, so the younger generation and the older generation of floating population because of different birth and growth background have the individual personality different characteristics. They are two different subgroups of the population in culture, idea and behavior. The new generation of migrant population had higher education level, higher occupation expectation value, higher material and spiritual enjoyment, but lower work tolerance requirements. China’s labor market development is not mature; complete equality of market-oriented labor relations has not yet completed; social security is not perfect, so these new generation migrant population in extreme unstable state of employment.China’s economic development is at a prominent contradiction between urban and rural employment period. In a relatively long period of time in the future, our country will face heavy pressure of employment. Expanding employment is China’s current and future long-term important and arduous task. The number of floating population is large, and the floating population has low employment capacity. The employment situation of floating population is not optimistic. If these problems are not promptly resolved, it will affect the city’s economic and social development. Therefore, the floating population employment is the key problem of employment. The intergenerational difference of the floating population related to the livelihood and development of these migrants themselves, but also related to the national economic development and social stability. It is an urgent problem to be solved.Based on the State Family Planning Commission data analysis, we studied the intergenerational differences in the employment of the floating population and its impact on the labor market. First of all, we summarize the theory of domestic and international research. And we arrange the employment of floating population’s historical evolution and the present condition. Secondly, we choose suitable quantitative index, and compare the intergenerational differences in the employment of migrant labor. Combined with the dynamic monitoring data over the years, we also compare the longitudinal variation process. Thirdly, from the analysis of each aspect, we analyze difference of the floating population employment intergenerational. It analyses the influencing factors of the floating population employment generational differences. Finally, on the basis of the above research, we put forward the operation of policy recommendations.Based on the analysis of generational differences in the employment situation and employment behavior of the floating population, this text has the important theory significance to supply and demand of labor market and China’s future economic development.更多还原