战略性新兴产业空间布局研究

【作者】 韩跃；

【导师】 王德起；

【作者基本信息】 首都经济贸易大学 ， 区域经济学， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 战略性新兴产业以其战略性、新兴性、成长性和创新性而广受关注,其发展不仅可以直接促进产业结构升级调整及区域经济增长,而且其在城市空间上的合理布局也能够促使城市土地利用结构乃至区域空间结构不断优化,进而有力地推动区域经济协调发展,因此,我国各级政府大都制定了大力发展战略性新兴产业的规划及相应的经济政策。当前,我国正处于推进新型城镇化,优化结构调整、促进区域经济协调发展的关键时期,深入分析战略性新兴产业的影响因素,研究其空间布局规律,构建战略性新兴产业及其相关产业布局的决策机制和完整的决策体系,对于我国转方式、调结构的经济政策落实,促进区域经济空间结构优化,具有十分重要的理论及实践意义。产业的空间分布具有地理惯性,一定区域空间范围内的产业区位一经选定,若再进行调整则将非常困难和复杂,因此在战略性新兴产业初成期就应该对其空间布局进行合理设计。当前,我国产业空间布局决策一般可以分为几个不同的层次：中央政府的国家级产业规划、省市政府的较大区域产业规划以及区县政府当地产业选择和企业微观的区位选址,这一决策体系通常是按照由上而下的次序进行的,每一个层次的产业区位决策可能都会影响到产业最终的空间布局。国内外学者对战略性新兴产业的认定标准、选择和区位决策做了大量的研究,大部分的研究都是针对某一个层次上的决策角度进行,而没有将产业空间布局作为一个完整的体系来进行研究。本文研究充分运用古典经济学、区域经济学以及经济地理学的基本理论体系,以区位理论为基础,对战略性新兴产业在不同生命周期阶段对区域空间结构的影响机理进行了梳理,形成了以区域空间结构优化为总目标的分阶段、分层次的产业布局目标体系。同时,从布局条件、布局层次、布局机制和布局模式等方面对战略性新兴产业的布局进行了分析,构建了其产业空间布局的理论框架。论文分析了战略性新兴产业不同于传统产业的布局影响因子,在实体经济向互联网虚拟经济转变过程中,包括技术创新、金融服务环境和技术转化平台等新的因素对新兴产业的区位有很大的影响。论文构建产业布局不同层次的决策机制及相对完整的产业布局决策体系,在深入分析战略性新兴产业空间区位选择的影响因素的基础上,分别就不同层次的决策者建立分析指标体系：宏观层面,着重产业的区域选择；中观层面,突出区域的产业识别；微观层面,则强调企业的空间区位选址。进而运用多层次、多目标的分析指标体系,分别就宏观、中观和微观层次的决策者提供决策依据,建立战略性新兴产业空间布局的决策体系。在技术数据的获取及选用上,本文以国家统计局战略性新兴产业统计分类标准为指导,利用北京市工业企业数据库的微观数据、北京市统计年鉴和北京市各区县统计年鉴数据,对3万多样本点数据进行了归类整理,形成北京市战略性新兴产业现状基础数据,从而在一定程度上解决了产业数据获取的难点。在技术手段上,运用ArcGIS地理信息分析技术平台,将相关数据纳入统一的数据管理系统,形成了北京市战略性新兴产业现状分析与布局决策的数据库。在研究方法上,运用层次分析方法、模糊综合评价方法和其他统计分析方法,对所建立分析指标体系进行指标赋权和评分计算,形成相对稳定的决策评价体系。利用上述方法和数据,对北京市16区县区位条件与战略性新兴产业各门类的适宜性进行分析,得到不同产业门类在各区县的布局排序,从而为市级政府的产业布局决策提供依据；以通州等区县为例,研究分析了各产业门类在该区县布局的可行性及排序,为区县政府的产业选择决策提供依据。论文研究的创新性成果包括：1)整合了战略性新兴产业空间布局的理论框架；2)设计了多层次多目标的战略性新兴产业空间布局的评价指标体系；3)构建了战略性新兴产业空间布局的决策体系。论文的逻辑及内容结构：首先,对研究对象进行概念界定与文献综述,全面梳理国内外关于产业布局、战略性新兴产业的研究、城市土地利用结构、用地效益评价等方面的研究成果,着重对区域战略性新兴产业的空间布局、区域性土地利用效益评价的研究进行评析。其次,构建了战略性新兴产业区位选择及空间布局理论分析框架,构建产业空间布局的理论模型,研究战略性新兴产业空间布局的影响因素,包括对产业特征、要素约束以及技术创新等方面的区位因子的分析。再次,构建了战略性新兴产业空间布局适宜性评价指标体系,主要涉及产业集聚以及产业关联性等方面,基于空间适宜性的战略性新兴产业空间布局评价指标体系,构建多层次的战略性新兴产业布局决策机制。最后,进行实证研究,利用分析框架和指标体系对北京市战略性新兴产业空间布局进行实证研究,分析北京市相关产业的空间布局存在的问题,并提出对策建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Strategic Emerging Industry has attracted wide attention for its feature of being strategic, emerging, growing and innovative, and governments at all levels have authorized various economic policies to vigorously develop it, as it could not only directly enhance the industrial structure and regional economic growth, but also relevantly promote the land-use structure and therefore the regional spatial structure as well by the industrial’s rational distribution location in the urban area, so that the regional economy might develop soundly and coordinately. At present, since our country is at the empirical stage of implementing the new-pattern urbanization and transforming an optimal industrial structure to develop the regional economy coordinately, the establishment of the decision-making mechanism and systems based on a deliberate study upon affective factors on and spatial distribution principles of strategic emerging industries, pretends to be of great theoretical significance and high practical value in the implementation of economic policy concerning economic development mode transformation and economic structure adjustment, and regional economic spatial structure optimization as well.Since industry spatial distribution has geographical inertia for once a certain space region within the scope of industrial location is selected, the re-adjustment will be relatively difficult and complicated, and therefore the spatial distribution of strategic emerging industry should be rationally designed from the initial phase. China’s current industrial spatial distribution decision-making systems can be divided into several different levels with a commonly sequence of top-down, i.e. national planning by the central government, regional industry planning by provincial and municipal governments respectively, and district government industry selection and enterprise specific location selection, and every level of industrial location decision may eventually affect the industry spatial distribution. Domestic and foreign scholars have done a lot of researches on strategic emerging industry concerning judging standards, industry option and location selection, but most research is aimed at a certain level decision-making perspective, instead of regarding industrial spatial distribution as an integrated system for research.Based on typical theories of classical economics, regional economics and economic geography, and started from location theory, the thesis integrates the theoretical system for the industry spatial arrangement, sets up the decision-making mechanism and the relatively complete industry distribution systems of industrial distribution at different level. After analyzing the factors influencing the spatial location option of the strategic emerging industry, different analysis-index-systems for respective decision-makers are established, i.e.:At the macro-level, emphasizing regional location choice in a certain scope; Intermediate-level, selecting the most suitable industry for local conditions from different industrial categories; And the micro-level, focusing on the enterprise spatial location selection. By using multi-level and multi-objective analysis-index-system, the thesis provides decision-making basis for the three level decision-makers respectively, and establishes a decision-making system for the spatial distribution of strategic emerging industries. Furthermore using industry data of Beijing, empirical research is conducted on its spatial distribution of strategic emerging industry. After analyzing the present situation and existing problems of relevant industries in Beijing are revealed, and the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward.On the data-obtaining and selecting, since there are no mature statistical methods and desirable data on strategic emerging industries for analysis, the research adopts statistics classification standards for the strategic emerging industry by National Statistics Bureau as a guide, classifies more than30,000samples by utilizing the micro data from the municipal industrial enterprise database, Beijing Statistical Yearbook and all Districts’Statistical Yearbook so that the basic data system for the research is built up and thus the problem on data is solved. Upon the approach, basic data of related industry of Beijing, macro-economic data of all districts and counties are put into a unified data-management-system by applying Arc-GIS as a technological platform for geographical information analysis, hence the database for Beijing strategic emerging industry status analysis and distribution decision-making is founded. On the methodology, the thesis conducts weighting and scoring analysis for the established index-system and forms a relatively stable decision evaluation system by applying the methods as AHP, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and other statistical analysis method. About the empirical study, the thesis carries out an analysis the geographic conditions of16districts and counties of Beijing and the suitability and its degree ranks for each category of strategic emerging industries, by the above evaluation system, so as to provide the basis for municipal government making industry distribution decisions. Taking Tongzhou District and some other counties as the cases, the thesis confirms the above academic designs. Innovations of the study might be concluded as follows:1) establishing a theoretical system of spatial distribution for strategic emerging industries,2) designing a multi-level and multi-objective evaluation index-system for strategic emerging industries’spatial distribution; and3) constructing the spatial distribution decision-making mechanism for strategic emerging industries.The logical structure concerning the contents of the thesis can be concludes as the following four aspects. Firstly, the concept definition and literature review on the research subject, comprehensively combing domestic and abroad research findings on industrial distribution, strategic emerging industries, urban land utilization structure, land use efficiency evaluation, etc., especially review and evaluation on the regional strategic emerging industries’spatial distribution and research on the benefit evaluation of regional land use. Secondly, the establishment of theoretical analysis framework for strategic emerging industry location selection and spatial distribution, taking advantage of the basic principles of location theory in regional economics, and combining with the New Economic Geography Theory and the theory of Industrial Economics, the thesis develops the theoretical model of industrial spatial distribution to study the restrictive factors influencing strategic emerging industrial spatial distribution location factors such as analysis as industry features, constraint elements, etc.. Thirdly, the building-up of the suitability evaluation index-system for spatial distribution of the strategic emerging industries. Constructing the feasible analysis-index-system includes the index-systems mainly as agglomeration nature and industries linkages, constructing a strategic emerging industry spatial distribution evaluation index-system of spatial suitability and multi-level distribution decision-making mechanism. And finally, the empirical study, by using the analytical framework and index-system, the empirical research is conducted on Beijing strategic emerging industry’s spatial distribution to find out the existing problems and puts forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.更多还原