【作者】 方凯；

【导师】 钟涨宝；

【作者基本信息】 华中农业大学 ， 农业经济管理， 2013， 博士

【副题名】基于绿色供应链的农产品冷链物流效率的实证分析

【摘要】 农产品冷链物流作为食品安全链条中的重要一环,已成为衡量一个国家流通领域发展水平和科技含量高低的重要标志,是政府和百姓密切关注的发展领域。此外,加快发展农产品冷链物流,对于促进农业、冷冻食品业发展,稳定农民持续增收和保障食品安全意义重大。但是,由于我国冷链物流行业的起步较晚,目前还存在着：一体化程度较低、冷链食品的品质缺乏保障、消费趋势把握不稳、行业竞争无序、运输过程中浪费严重等诸多问题。由此而产生的结果是,国内冷链物流市场的供需矛盾突出。因此,针对目前我国农产品冷链物流的发展问题进行研究,找出制约我国农产品冷链物流发展的关键因素,并针对性的提出相应的解决办法和发展战略,促进我国农产品冷链物流的良性发展,是一个迫在眉睫、亟待研究的课题。目前,我国关于农产品冷链物流发展方面的研究文献相对较少。综观现有的研究成果存在以下三个方面的不足：第一,农产品冷链物流体系的运行目标和环节构成方面的理论研究不足；第二,传统物流企业绩效评价的基本理论与指标体系在现阶段用来评价冷链物流企业已经无法满足时代发展的要求；第三,目前关于冷链物流企业效率研究的方法还有诸多需要完善之处：首先,作业基础成本法、指标数法、层次分析法、数据包络法等主流分析效率的实证方法所得到的效率评估值大多没有将环境因素和随机误差因素对冷链物流产业效率的影响予以剔除,因此所评估的效率值并不能真实的反映我国现阶段冷链物流业的效率水平。其次,投入和绩效产出的变量选取直接关系到评价结果的准确性,然而相关研究在投入和绩效产出的变量选取上未能形成一个统一和权威的标准。基于此,笔者在对现代物流相关概念和基本理论进行梳理的基础上,构建一个基于绿色供应链思想的农产品冷链物流企业效率评价指标体系,并尝试运用三阶段DEA模型对所选取的中冷、双汇等研究对象的相关数据进行了效率的实证分析。本研究在一定程度上填补了国内相关研究领域的理论空白,同时为生态文明建设背景下我国冷链物流企业的效率提高提供一个全新的思路。本文研究结论所提出的相关政策建议,也能在一定程度上促进我国农产品冷链物流业的良性发展。本研究综合运用微观经济学、国际经济学、产业经济学、农业经济学和计量经济学等学科原理,采用定性分析与定量分析相结合,宏观分析与微观分析相结合的研究方法,从经济学的基本理论出发,以规范分析为主体,辅之必要的实证分析,多种分析方法的综合运用共同构建了论文分析的方法基础。总体来看本研究遵循提出问题——分析问题——提出解决对策建议的研究思路。首先是对我国农产品冷链物流发展问题的提出；然后是对农产品冷链物流的理论基础和相关内容的梳理；接下来,分析了我国农产品冷链物流的现状、存在的主要问题和发展趋势；最后通过实证分析和国外相关经验的借鉴,探讨大力发展我国冷链物流业的对策建议。本文的主要研究内容包括以下几个方面：第一,我国农产品冷链物流发展问题研究的现实意义和理论意义。首先,笔者从我国食品生产与消费的增长趋势、我国对于保证食品安全需求的不断提高、效率是冷链物流企业生存和发展的基础三个方面阐述了本文研究的现实意义。然后,通过对于国内冷链物流相关研究文献的总结,归纳了在农产品冷链物流体系的运行目标及环节构成、企业绩效评价指标体系、实证分析方法等理论研究领域存在的不足,明确了该领域未来研究重点方向的同时也分析了本文对于冷链物流研究领域理论方面的贡献。第二,我国农产品冷链物流发展所面临的主要困境及未来发展趋势。笔者从供给和需求两个方面分析了我国农产品冷链物流发展的现状及面临的主要问题。然后从发展绿色冷链物流有利于环保、发展绿色冷链物流是实现可持续发展战略的一个重要环节、发展绿色冷链物流有利于企业破除绿色贸易壁垒、发展绿色冷链物流是企业降低成本的重要途径、发展绿色冷链物流可以增强企业社会责任感和提高企业声誉度及发展绿色冷链物流更有利于满足社会物质和文化生活需要这六个方面分析了基于绿色供应链的农产品冷链物流是未来发展的必然趋势。第三,如何构建一个符合我国国情和时代发展特征的农产品冷链物流评价指标体系。笔者在分析了绿色供应链与农产品冷链的绩效关注点、农产品冷链物流的特征及原则、农产品冷链物流企业绩效评价的特殊性等内容的基础上,构建以了一个由财务管理、冷链流程、顾客服务、协同能力、绿色环保及发展能力这六个二级指标和总资产报酬率等二十五个三级指标所构成的绩效评价体系。第四,促进我国农产品冷链物流业发展的有效途径。笔者在对国外农产品冷链物流发展状况及经验借鉴的基础上,利用三阶段DEA的实证方法以及中冷物流公司、双汇物流和深圳市的新雪域农产品有限公司等企业的微观数据,运用前文所述的绿色供应链的农产品冷链物流企业绩效评价体系和研究方法,对这些样本的进行了实证分析。试图通过定性与定量相结合的方法全面的分析我国农产品冷链发展问题。针对性的提出了我国农产品冷链物流发展的对策和建议：第一,政府要加大扶持力度并健全法制；第二,培养适合农产品冷链物流发展趋势的复合型人才；第三,加强软硬件建设以其实现信息一体化；第四,利用第四方物流企业推动农产品冷链物流的发展；第五,加强农产品冷链物流的整体规划建立联运机制；第六,建立一体化的农产品冷链物流模式实现共同配送。对比国内外相关研究农产品物流效率问题的研究,本文在研究视角和方法运用上均有一定的创新之处。首先,本文在分析了农产品冷链物流未来发展趋势的基础上,创新性地提出了基于绿色供应链思想的农产品冷链物流企业效率评价体系。其次,针对目前关于企业效率方面的实证研究所使用的实证分析方法不能将环境因素和随机误差因素予以剔除的局限性和缺点,本文利用三阶段DEA模型对我国农产品冷链物流业的效率进行较为科学的评估。此时得到的各决策单元的效率值更能反映各决策单元的实际运营情况。本文的主要不足之处在于在对于某些不可得的数据,笔者采用了适当的推导和替换,对于实证分析的结果的准确性难免会存在一定的影响。这也是笔者在将来的研究过程中需要进一步探讨和改进的地方。更多还原

【Abstract】 As an important part of the food safety chain, cold-chain logistics has become an important symbol to measure the level of a country’s development and technology in the circulation field, it’s also the field that the government and the people pay their close attentions to. In addition, speeding up the development of cold-chain logistics has great significance to promote the development of the agriculture and frozen food industry, stabilize the sustained increase in farmers’incomes and insure the food safety. However, because the cold-chain logistics industry in China started relatively late, it still exist many problems such as low integration level, insecurity in the quality of the cold-chain food, failure of accurately grasp the consumption trend, disorder of industry competition and serious waste in transportation. As a result, the contradiction between supply and demand of cold-chain logistics market in China is obvious. Therefore, it is imminent and urgent to do the research in view of the present situation of cold-chain logistics development, to find out key factors restricting the development of cold-chain logistics and put forward the corresponding solutions and development strategy for promoting the benign development of cold-chain logistics in China.At present, the research literature about the agricultural cold-chain logistics is relatively small. Through the existing research results, there are three aspects of defects: Firstly, insufficiency of theory research in the aspects of agricultural cold-chain logistics system goal and link form; secondly, it has been unable to meet the requirement of times development to evaluate cold-chain logistics enterprises with the basic theory and the index system of the traditional logistics enterprises performance evaluation at this stage; thirdly, there still have many shortcomings in the method of cold-chain logistics enterprise’s efficiency research currently:first of all, the efficiency evaluation values which gained through the major empirical approach for analyzing the efficiency such as activity-based cost method, index number method, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and data envelopment method mostly fail to eliminate the impact of environmental factors and random error factors on the efficiency of the cold-chain logistics industry, so the evaluation of the efficiency value can not be a true measurement of the efficiency of cold-chain logistics industry at present stage in China. Then, variable selection of input and output performance directly related to the accuracy of the evaluation results, but the related research on variable selection of input and performance output failed to form a unified and authoritative standards.Based on this situation, the author build a evaluation index system of cold-chain logistics enterprises efficiency based on green supply chain on the basis of combing the related concepts and basic theory of modern logistics, and try to give empirical analysis to related efficiency data of selected Zhongleng and Shuanghui using the three-stage DEA model. To a certain extent, this study fills the blank of related research in this field of theory in domestic. At the same time, it provided a new idea for promoting the efficiency of cold chain logistics enterprises in China under the background of ecological civilization construction. The relevant policy recommendations proposed in this paper’s research conclusion can also promote the benign development of cold chain logistics industry in our country to a certain extent.This study comprehensively used the principle of discipline such as microeconomics, international economics, industry economics, agricultural economics and econometrics, combing research methods of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, macro analysis and micro analysis. It starts from the basic theory of economics, with normative analysis as the main body, and necessary empirical analysis as the auxiliary, commonly building the method of the thesis analysis with the integrated use of a variety of analysis methods. Overall, this study followed the research idea of "put forward questions-analyze problems-solving countermeasures". Firstly it put forward the problems in the development of cold chain logistics in our country; then it analyzed the current situation, the main problems and development trend of Chinese agricultural cold-chain logistics; lastly it explored the countermeasures of developing cold-chain logistics industry in our country through the empirical analysis and foreign relevant experience for reference.In this paper, the main research contents include the following aspects:Firstly, the practical significance and the theory significance of the study on agricultural products cold-chain logistics development in China.First of all, this paper expounded the practical significance of this study from the aspects of growth trends of food production and consumption in China, the increase in the needs of ensuring food safety in our country, efficiency is the basis of the cold-chain logistics enterprise’s survival and development. Then, through the summary of domestic related research literature of cold-chain logistics, this paper summarized the defects exist in the theoretical research field such as the operation of the target and link structure, enterprise performance evaluation index system, the empirical analysis method of agricultural cold-chain logistics system. This paper not only made clear of the key direction of future research, but also analyzed its contribution to the theory of cold-chain logistics research field.Secondly, the major dilemmas facing and future development trends of China’s agricultural products cold chain logisticsThe author researched the condition and main problems facing of China’s cold chain logistics from the field of both supply and demand. Then the green supply chain of agricultural products cold chain logistics is verified the inevitable trend of future development from six aspects. There were development of green cold chain logistics is conducive to environmental protection, the development of green cold chain logistics is an important inspector of achieving sustainable development strategy, the development of green cold chain logistics help enterprises get rid of the green trade barriers, the development of green cold chain logistics help enterprises to reduce costs, the development of green cold chain logistics can enhance corporate’ social responsibility and reputation degrees, the development of green cold chain logistics can meet society’s material and cultural life needs.Thirdly, how to build a evaluation system of agricultural products cold chain logistics which is suit to China’s national conditions and characteristics of the times.After the analyzes on performance of concerns, product characteristics and principles of green supply chain and cold chain, the author build up a evaluation system which is combined with six two indicators such as financial management, cold chain processes, customer service, collaborative capabilities, green and development and5three indicators performance such as return on total assets.Lastly, the effective way of promoting the development of China’s agricultural products cold chain logistics industry.Based on the research of foreign agricultural products cold chain logistics’ development status and experience, the author used three-stage DEA empirical methods and the date of Shuanghui, Shenzhen Co., Ltd. and other enterprises, by using the methods of previously the green supply chain of agricultural products cold chain logistics enterprise performance evaluation system analyze the problem, in order to proposes effective suggestions for the development of China’s agricultural products cold chain logistics. First, the government should intensify efforts to support and improve the legal system. Second, it is important to develop suitable talents of cold chain logistics. Third, construction of hardware and software should be enhanced to achieve information integration; Fourth, cold chain logistics can be promoted by the using of fourth party logistics enterprises. Fifth, it is important to strengthen the overall planning of agricultural products cold chain logistics and the intermodal mechanisms. Sixth, the establishment of an integrated cold chain logistics model is good to achieve a common distribution.更多还原