【作者】 沈悦；

【导师】 李春隆；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 世界史， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 东省铁路是沙皇俄国与清政府签订《中俄密约》后，在中国东北地区修筑和经营的一条铁路。关于东省铁路初建时期的历史，特别是铁路勘测和施工过程，以及铁路早期运营情况，在我国学术界尚鲜见系统研究。本论文使用独有的俄文史料文献，具体研究了1897年到1913年东省铁路初建时期的状况。重点研究铁路的勘测和建设情况、铁路正式通车十年内的运营情况，以及铁路附属地管理情况。力求尽可能全面、客观地反映当时的历史。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chinese Eastern Railway (CER) is the part of Trans-Siberian Railway whichlinks Europe and Asia. CER was constructed and operated by the Russia in NortheastChina after "Sino-Russian secret treaty" signed by Qing Dynasty government andTsarist Russia. The main lines of CER were from Manchuria to Suifenhe by way ofHarbin, and branch lines were from Harbin to Dalian by way of Changchun. Trackgauge of railway is1524mm made in Russia. CER covered the Northeast by linkingmain lines and branch lines with the "T" shape.This paper makes CER as the research object. The time is from1897that CERbegan to be surveyed and built to1913that CER had operated formally for10yearswhich lasted for17years. The research focuses on CER’s survey, construction, andalso on the operations and management of10years after construction. In the field ofChinese academic research, it is the first time and pioneering significant to carry out asystematic study on the above.According to Chinese documents, memoirs related characters and a large numberof Russian historical data, the paper conducts a comprehensive and systematic studyon early history of CER, as well as significant historical events during that periodalong the railway in order to deepen the understanding of the early history of CER andobjectively restore the historical truth.This thesis consists of three parts: introduction, body and conclusion.Introduction from the significance of the topic, the research status, data analysis,research ideas and papers framework, the difficulty and lack of innovation thesis,dissertation six aspects to be discussed.The paper is divided into three chapters.Chapter1The Construction of CERThis chapter is divided into five, respectively, in the East Province railway route surveying, construction, construction of Harbin, Dalian, and construction of the BoxerRebellion disruption to road construction process.Through the "secret treaty between China and Russia," Russia got privilege tobuild a railway in northeast China which directly reached to Vladivostok byconnected with Trans-Siberian railway. Tsarist Russia repeatedly sent experts andtechnical staff on railways, bridges, construction, mining, and military to northeastChina to conduct a detailed survey. The main survey of CER came to the end inJanuary1898. In April1898, the chief engineer Jugovic issued the order to divideworking area of building railway according to the determined line. CER officiallyentered the construction phase for whole railway line.With the main and branch lines construction of CER, Harbin and Dalian citieshad begun to take shape.The Company originally intended to deliver CER in1902. However, the BoxerRebellion which boomed Northeast China booming upset Russia’s construction plans.The CER construction was forced to a halt. In early October1900, the Russianmilitary has occupied the major cities in the Northeast and CER, and the BoxerRebellion was suppressed. At the end of1900, CER construction started again. In July13,1903, CER began to operate. It took six years and375million Rubles to buildCER from beginning construction in1897to beginning traffic in1903.Chapter2The CER OperationsThis chapter is divided into three, respectively, in the East Province RailwayAuthority formally handed over the case, the role of the operations of the railway inthe East Province Russo-Japanese War, and the Russo-Japanese War until1913Eastern Province railway.The date of CER delivery for operation was fixed on July14,1903. On this day,CER Engineering Bureau transferred railways of main and branch lines, together withall buildings, property and equipments to CER Administration Bureau. CERAdministration Bureau was neither a mere railway management agency, nor amanagement institution of commercial enterprise, but a completely executive organwith political and economic power together. It is "Governor Palace" of Tsarist Russiadominating Chinese Northeast area.When CER was put into operation not more than six months, andRusso-Japanese War broke out. CER immediately undertook transport tasks to meet all the needs of the armed forces and military authorities just like other railways aswar instruments. As CER was located in the area of military operations, it alsocompleted special combat missions which other railways never do. During theRusso-Japanese War, the huge expenditure and deficit of CER is amazing. At the endof the war, Russia lost the southern branch lines and Dalian Port. Since then, Russiahad to face keen competition for the South Manchurian Railway.Chapter3Subsidiary Land Administration of CERThis chapter is divided into four, respectively, in the East Province Railwaysubsidiary of administration, the judicial system, culture, education and health care, aswell as security issues, CER Corporation and China signed special contracts andagreements.The Subsidiary Land of CER refers to main lines, branch lines of southern area,and areas along railway occupied by Russia. According to "Joint management CERcontract" and other relevant treaties, CER Corporation could occupied the land usedfor building, managing and protecting railways, and the land near railway used formining sand, stone and lime by the way of free occupation, purchase and long-termlease. This formed a particular area. Russia classified land on both sides of CER as"railway land","special land for railway" or " leased land for railway ", and expand itsarea through a variety of legal or illegal ways. The divided land by CER stations usedfor streets, and some farm, forest and mines land were regarded as "Railwaysubsidiary land." The occupied land area of main and southern branch lines by Russiahad reached200thousand hectares which is more than2times of actually need landarea used for railway.After CER construction started, a series of problems such as mining, logging,land development along the railway emerged. CER corporation quoted relevantprovisions from the sixth article of "Joint management CER contract" and the fourtharticle of "renew the contract" to seize and plunder land, forest and mineral resourcesin northeast China by the railway company. After the Russo-Japanese War, in order tomaintain and consolidate colonial rule in northern area of Chinese northeast and givethis colonial rule legality, the Board of CER Corporation granted Horvat from Railway Administration Bureau rights on behalf of the railway company to negotiatewith local authorities on issues such as land, the felling trees, mining minerals, as wellas telecommunications, postal services and tax. The related contracts and agreementswere signed illegally. CER Corporation grabbed more privileges of economicaggression by those contracts and agreements.The subsidiary land of CER emerged along with the CER construction, and wasthe result of Tsarist Russia expanding power in China. Russia forced the Qinggovernment to sign a treaty to admit subsidiary land of CER. Some areas which donot even go through a treaty had already become subsidiary land. That seriouslyviolated Chinese sovereignty. Russia did not pay rent to the China, but station thearmy, set up police, levy various taxes, exercise judicial power, and implementadministration through CER Corporation in subsidiary land. In addition, Russian wasstill engaged in education and various other cultural activities in subsidiary land ofCER. It actually became an independent kingdom of Russia in China with the colonialnature, and was also the base to expand in the mainland and interfere in Chineseinternal affairs base.Conclusion of the full text and summarized. Meanwhile, the aggressive nature ofthe CER to expose.更多还原