【作者】 郑静；

【导师】 文福拴；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 电力系统及其自动化， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 含风电场的输电系统规划是大规模风电接入电力系统环境下通过输电容量合理扩充和配置来满足未来负荷增长和风电接入的输电系统规划方法。随着风电装机容量在电力系统中所占比例的不断增长,风电所具有的间歇性、随机性以及不可控性给输电系统的规划和运行带来了新的问题。本文分析风电的自身特性,重点研究风电接入对输电系统规划和运行两个层面的影响,提出含风电场的输电系统多目标规划模型,减少风电的不利影响,提高系统对风电的消纳能力,为大规模风电的发展提供有利条件。具体工作主要体现在以下几个方面：1)提出计及风险控制的含风电场的输电系统规划方法。建立风电机组的概率模型,并利用半不变量和Gram-Charlier级数展开理论计算概率潮流。在此基础上,通过在规划模型中引入风险控制策略,提高系统抵御风险的能力；提出系统安全风险指标,建立以输电投资成本和安全风险指标为目标函数的输电系统规划模型,实现了大规模风电并网环境下考虑风险控制的输电系统优化规划。2)提出计及可用输电能力的含风电场的输电规划方法。在考虑了风速和负荷等随机变量之间相关性以及线路和发电机故障概率的基础上,构造了含风电场的系统可用输电能力(available transmission capacity, ATC)的概率模型,并采用拉丁超立方采样法和灵敏度分析法相结合进行求解。建立以输电投资成本和ATC期望值为目标函数的输电系统规划模型,并考虑线路过负荷概率,使输电系统具有足够的充裕度和安全性,更能适应大规模风电的接入。3)提出考虑风储联合运行的输电系统规划方法。利用储能系统平抑风电功率波动,改善风电出力的不确定性,提高系统运行的安全性和经济性。提出风储系统联合运行策略,优化储能系统的配置容量。建立以输电投资成本和系统运行成本为目标函数的输电系统两层规划模型,降低储能系统成本、平抑风电功率波动以及提高风电的消纳水平。4)提出考虑需求侧响应的含风电场的输电系统规划方法。采用需求侧响应机制应对风电波动,通过可中断负荷和价格激励机制实现负荷的“削峰填谷”。在此基础上,提出考虑需求侧响应的含风电场的输电系统两层规划模型,综合考虑输电投资成本、需求侧响应成本以及弃风成本,分析需求侧响应对含风电场的输电系统规划的影响。最后对论文所作的研究进行简要总结,并指出了有待进一步深入研究的的方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 With integration of large-scale wind farms, transmission system needs to be upgraded to meet the growth of load and wind power. Although wind power is clean and renewable, wind farms can bring about significant unfavorable impacts on power systems due to their stochastic, intermittent and uncontrollable characteristics. With the expansion of wind power generation and thus the increasing quota of wind energy in power systems, these adverse influences could introduce an extra factor of uncertainties for power system planning and operation. A power network with a large proportion of wind power penetration will suffer more uncertain factors and power flow fluctuations. To address these challenges and improve the utilization of wind power, this thesis explores the impact of wind power on transmission system planning and operation, and then presents multi-objective transmission system expansion planning (TSEP) models with wind farms. The detailed work is as following:1) A transmission system planning method with risk-control strategies for power systems with wind generators is presented. First, some uncertainties associated with wind power generators are expressed with probability measures, and the probabilistic load flow is calculated by the combined use of cumulants and Gram-Charlier series. Then, risk-control strategies are introduced into the transmission system planning to enhance the ability of the system against security/reliability risks. A security risk index is then defined and a multi-objective transmission system planning model is next developed with the transmission investment and the security risk index as the objective functions, and in this way the security/reliability and economics associated with transmission system planning schemes could be well compromised.2) A transmission system planning method with available transmission capacity (ATC) for power systems with wind generators is presented. Firstly, a probabilistic ATC model of the power system is formed considering the correlation between the random input variables and outage rate of the equipments. Then, a hybrid method, combining the Monte Carlo simulation based on Latin hypercube sampling with the sensitivity analysis method, is developed to solve the ATC model. Lastly, a multi-objective transmission system expansion planning model with the objective functions composed of transmission investment and the expected value of ATC is developed. The presented work represents a superior model for transmission system expansion planning in terms of reliability and economy, which is advantageous to the integration of large-scale wind farms.3) A transmission system planning method considering combined operation of wind farms and energy storage systems (ESS) is presented. ESS is applied to smooth the fluctuations of wind power outputs, and hence improve the security and economics of the power system concerned. A strategy for the combined operation of a wind farm and an ESS is next presented to optimize the capacity of ESS installed. Then, a transmission system expansion planning model is developed with the sum of the transmission investment costs, the operating costs of the systems as the objective function to be minimized. It aims to decrease the cost of ESSs, smooth the fluctuation of wind power and improve the utilization of wind power.4) A transmission system planning method based on demand-side response for power systems with wind generators is presented. Demand-side response is explored to cope with the uncertainty due to wind farms. The interruptible load and electricity price incentive are used to smooth the load curve. Then, a bi-level transmission system planning model based on demand-side response is developed with minimized objective functions, i.e. the sum of the transmission investment costs, the cost of demand-side response, and the punishment cost of curtailed wind energy. Lastly, the effectiveness of demand-side response for transmission system planning considering wind farms is verified.Finally, several conclusions are obtained based on the research outcomes, and directions for future research indicated.更多还原