【作者】 操家齐；

【导师】 项继权；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 中外政治制度， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 本文主要的研究目的是探讨在中国现代国家建设的大背景下,农民工的公民权的实现问题。本文主要以历史制度主义和冲突与回应理论为分析工具,以实证调研、文献分析为技术手段,通过研究国家与农民之间半个多世纪来的互动关系,跟踪中国逐步走向一个现代国家的进程。在这一伟大进程中,国家与农民互相依靠,他们既有紧密合作的一面,也有冲突和博弈的一面,合作促进了现代国家建设,冲突和博弈也同样通过调整生产关系促进了现代国家的发展。在这一进程中,不仅国家逐步走向了现代化,同样,占中国人口主体的广大农民也从传统的农民,开始向一个现代公民的身份转换。因此,可以说,农民工争取自己的权益的过程,也是一个农民争取平等公民权的过程,同样也是一个现代国民成长的过程。在这个过程中不仅农民改变了国家,国家同样也改造了农民,“国民同构”,推进了现代国家建设。本文以农民工的公民权为具体研究视角,先从国家出于快速建设一个现代国家的目的,为稳定农业生产,支持工业和城市建设,通过统购统销、人民公社、户籍制度限制农民的自由迁徙,使农民无法自己把握经济自由、人身自由谈起,而农民通过争取“包产到户”为手段,顽强争取经济权利,经过近20年的努力终于实现“包产到户”,取得对土地的支配权,从而在经济上实现独立,人身上重新获得自由。从而也为“农民工”的出现创造了条件。在农民成为农民工的过程中也充满了曲折,为争取合法打工的权利,实现自由迁徙、自由择业,农民付出了巨大的努力和代价。通过努力,农民工的身份终于得到认可,成为新兴产业工人的主体。也为国家的经济建设、社会发展做出了巨大的贡献。社会各界开始关注农民工的权益保障问题。然而,农民工的政治权利、经济权利、社会权利依然不能得到平等的保障,在本文中通过大量的数据和资料,具体分析、描述了农民工各项权利的现状,并分析了原因。近年来农民工争取权利、维护权益的事件越来越多,而且与过去相比出现一些新的动向,本文通过富士康事件、增城事件、本田罢工等典型案例的分析,来把握其中显示出的新趋向。这些事件说明解决农民工公民权问题已经非常迫切,也说明如果引导得法,将有助于中国公民社会的成熟与发展,同时也将极大地推动中国现代国家建设的进程。本文的主要结论是：现代国家的成长与农民的成长是一个互动的过程。在这一过程中,国家与农民共同成长与进步,为中国的现代化建设奠定了可靠的基础。可以说,农民工争取公民权的过程促进了现代中国的成长与发育。农民工争取公民权的过程是一个冲突与回应的过程。农民在争取公民权的过程中,一直是在扮演着传统不合理制度框架的冲撞者的角色,国家也不断为此调整着既有的制度框架,使之能够更好地适应新的生产力的发展要求,双方不断磨合、调适,从而促进了社会的发展和进步。农民工公民权取得的过程是一个宪政赋权、行政赋权、市场赋权、社会赋权、外力赋权、自力赋权合力共同作用的过程。总体来看当今农民工公民权的进步主要还是来自市场赋权,但长远来看更需要国家主动赋权而不能过分寄希望于市场。农民工权益保障的进步将促进中国社会发展和政治发展。农民工在现在和过去推动了中国的经济发展,随着农民工关注的焦点从经济权利向社会权利和政治权利的转移,必将推动中国的社会发展和政治发展。国家的现代化建设虽然带来了社会的分化,使人们由于身份的不同、财富的多寡而出现社会地位的参差,但是,另外一方面,也使平等、人权、公民、法治等现代性意识深入人心。农民工一方面多数接受了现代教育,在城市生活的熏陶下,其权利意识又得以普遍增强,同时维护自己利益的意愿和能力也得到提高。农民工公民权的回归过程与现代国家的成型过程是同步的,农民工享有同等国民待遇之日,也将是中国完成现代国家建设之时。可以说,在今日中国,没有农民的现代化就没有国家的现代化,农民与国家的命运紧密相连,可以说农民的权益保障的不完善是国家现代化的最大的不完善,当农民工公民权得以平等实现之时,也就标志着中国已经实现现代国家建设的目标。更多还原

【Abstract】 The main purpose of this paper is to discuss the civil rights realization of migrant workers under the background of Chinese modern national construction.This article has retrospected the process of chinese transformation to a modern state through the interaction between state and pesants for more than half a century,which mainly adopted the historical institutionalism and theories of conflict and response as analysis tools with empirical research and document analysis.State and pesants depend on each other. they worked closely whileas conflicted with the counterpart during this process.Their cooperation promoted the construction of a modern state and their conflict boosted the development of the modern state through the production relations adjustment as well.State gradually brough about modernization.As the main body of chinese population,peasants has transformed from traditional farmer to modern citizens during the process. Therefore, so to speak,the process,migrant workers fought for their own rights,is the process which pesants strove for their civil rights,and so to the modern citizen.Pesants changed the country in this process, vis-a-vis,the latter transformed the former."state and pesants isomorphism" propeled the construction of modern state.This article takes migrant workers’civil rights as specific research perspective. In order to Stable agricultural production and Support industrial and urban construction, Farmers can’t control their own economic and personal freedom which resulted from controlled procurement and distribution, people’s commune and household registration system,due to the the purpose of construction a modern state in a short time. With nearly twenty years endless efforts, peasants fix farm output quotas on the household basis and obtain the land,thus realize the economic independence, personal freedom. This brought out migrant workers.The process, peasant transformed into migrant workers,was full of twists and turns.Peasant have come at a huge cost in order to fight for the legal rights of their work, free migration, free choice. With all these efforts, their identity was finally being recognized, they became the main body of Chinese industrial working class. Also for the economic construction of the country, have made great contributions to They contributed to the development of the national economy and the community.All sectors of the community began to pay close attention to the rights protection of migrant workers.However, the political, economic and social rights of migrant worker still can’t get equal protection.With a lot of data and information in this article, it described the current situation of the rights of migrant workers, and analyzed the reasons why did make it so. In recent years,migrant workers increasingly asserted and defended their rights,and showed some new trends compared with the past.By the typical case of Foxconn,Zengcheng,and Honda strike, we can grasp the new trends. These events show that it is very urgent to solve migrant workers’civil rights, and also indicates if we work correctly, it would contributed to the maturation and development of civil society in China, and these will greatly promotet the construction process of the modern State of China.The main conclusion of this article are:The growth of the modern state and peasant is an interactive process.In this process,state and peasant grown and progressed together, which had laid a solid foundation for Chinese modernization. It can be said that migrant workers,who fought for theircivil rights,has promoted the process of growth and development of modern China.The process,which migrant workers fought for theircivil rights,is a conflict and respond process.In this process,peasants had always played the collision role to the unreasonable system while state are constantly adjusting the existing institutional framework as to meet the new requirements of productivity development.They both continue to running-in and adjustment which promoted the development and progress of the society.The process,which migrant workers to struggle for their civil rights,is a joint action combined with constitutional empower, market empower, social empower, administrative empower and self empower.In most ways, the progress of migrant workers’civil rights are mainly from the market empower at present,but it need the active empowerment from country whileas depended too much on market in the long run.The advances on migrant workers’rights protection will promote the development of chinese social and political development.In the present and past,migrant workers have promoted chinese economic development.With the focus shifted from the economic rights to the social and political ones, They will motivate the development of chinese sociaty and politics.Modernization of the country has caused social differentiation which contained identity,wealth and social status difference.and the same time,it will make the modernity consciousness,such as,equality,human rights, citizen, the rule of law,thorough popular.Most migrant workers have received a modern education.Under the influence of city life,the consciousness of their rights has generally enhanced, while the willingness and ability to maintain their own interests has improved as well.The process,which migrant workers’civil rights returned and the modern state formed,is synchronous.The date when migrant workers enjoy equal national treatment is the date when China completed modern national construction.It can be said that there is no national modernization without the peasants modernization in China today.They both closely linked to eath other.The imperfect of peasants’rights protection is one of the great imperfects to national modernization. When migrant workers enjoyed equal rights,it means that China has realized the project of modern national construction.更多还原