【作者】 李琳；

【导师】 黄永林；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 民间文学， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 文化是人和环境相互作用的产物和综合表现。研究文化与自然及人文环境的关系,探索文化在人类与环境相互作用下的形成过程,是了解人和环境关系的重要途径。本文选取历史悠久、形态万千的洞庭湖水神信仰文化为研究对象,从文化生态学(Cultural Ecology)的视角,同时采用文献法和实地调查、个案分析法、比较研究法,以及融合人类学、民俗学、生态学、进化论、地理学、旅游学、心理学等学科的多学科交叉法,对洞庭湖水神信仰文化进行了专题研究。探讨了洞庭湖水神信仰发展的历史地理原因及所创造出的文化意义,剖析了洞庭湖水神信仰文化多元复杂的传承语境,对洞庭湖水神信仰与自然环境和社会人文环境间的良性互动作了较为深入的探讨。第一章主要通过文献梳理,研究了洞庭湖区以水为主要特征的地理环境和以水文化为主要特征的社会人文环境对洞庭湖水神信仰文化特点和发展进程的深远影响,对自然环境和社会环境在洞庭湖水神信仰文化形成、发展及传承过程中的复合作用进行了研究,试图从当今洞庭湖水神信仰文化要素和表象中寻找自然和人文环境影响的时空烙印。第二章主要利用地方志的民俗资料,依时间顺序对洞庭湖复杂多元的水神信仰进行历史陈述,勾勒了比较清晰的洞庭湖水神信仰的历时演变形态,并对洞庭湖水神信仰的主体与祭祀仪式进行了探究,剖析了洞庭湖水神信仰的变迁过程以及变迁的具体表现。重点论述了洞庭湖水神信仰是源于远古时代洞庭湖民众对水患的悲情记忆,是一种对水的忧患的集体无意识显现。第三章是在人类学田野调查和功能学派理论基础上展开的实证研究,以岳阳君山湘妃祠、常德津市嘉山姜女庙、泪罗屈子祠为田野调查中心点,以湘妃、孟姜女、屈原等洞庭湖水神作为典型案例,探讨了洞庭湖水神信仰在当今社会的生存状态、信仰的功能与价值以及如何被成功有效地利用等重大现实问题。第四章从个案研究的视角结合田野调查资料对洞庭湖水神杨么信仰进行了历史上的追根溯源和现实的民俗探究。通过对全国各地杨泗将军形象和洞庭湖杨泗将军形象的对比分析,对历史上洞庭湖杨么起义及传说进行了历史学、故事学的剖析,并通过考察杨么信仰在洞庭湖区的民俗遗迹,还原了洞庭湖杨泗将军(杨么)信仰的真实面貌以及洞庭湖杨泗将军(杨么)信仰形成和发展过程中所承载的湖湘地域文化。第五章在对世界范围内的水神崇拜及中国各地的水神传说与信仰进行了文献上的梳理之后,再从比较研究的视角探讨了洞庭湖水神湘妃与希腊海神波塞冬、洞庭湖水神湘妃与中国海神妈祖之间的种种异同,并分析了形成这种种异同的深层历史文化原因。第六章则是从文化对环境的作用方面对洞庭湖水神信仰的未来进行了展望,从文化层面上考察了人与环境关系的演变途径。本文对洞庭湖水神信仰文化的价值演变以及可持续发展提出了自己的观点和建议。本文认为：加强洞庭湖水神信仰文化与生态之间的良性互动,不但能培育新的民俗文化,而且能增强民众的环境保护意识。独特的洞庭湖水神信仰文化拥有广阔的文化需求市场和潜力巨大的提升空间,能促进湖湘经济、文化的腾飞。结语是论文主要内容和观点的归纳。从远古时期一直传承到现代的洞庭湖水神信仰,蕴藏着洞庭湖民众对自己生活与经历的集体记忆。这是一种流传久远的集体无意识,同时也是一种难以稀释的民族心理积淀,她蕴涵着湖湘文化深层的忧患意识及悲情的审美观,奠定了湖湘文化忧国忧民的悲情传统。更多还原

【Abstract】 Culture is the product of the interaction of people and the environment and overall performance. The relationship between culture and the nature and cultural environment, to explore the process of cultural formation in the interaction of humans and the environment is an important way to understand the relationship of people and the environment. This paper selects a long history of belief in culture as a form of thousands of Dongting Lake Water Deity the object of study, from the perspective of cultural ecology (Cultural Ecology), while the literature and field surveys, case study method, comparative method and the fusion of anthropology, folklore multidisciplinary law, ecology, evolution, geography, tourism, psychology and other disciplines to conduct special studies, the religious culture of the Dongting Lake Water Deity. Explore the history of the faith development of the Dongting Lake Water Deity geographic and cultural reasons and to create a cultural significance, concern the Dongting Lake water monotheistic faith multicultural heritage context, in order to better promote positive interaction between culture and natural environment and social environment.The first chapter mainly through the literature review, studied the Dongting Lake area with water as the main feature of the geographical environment and water culture as the main feature of social environment characteristics and development process of far-reaching impact on the Dongting Lake Water Deity belief culture, on the natural environment and social environment in the Dongting Lake Water Deity of religious culture of the formation, development and transmission of the composite role, trying to find space time mark of the impact of natural and human environment from the elements and the appearance of the religious culture of today Dongting Lake Water Deity.Second chapter mainly make use of the Chinese local chronicles folk material to statement history of complex and polybasic Dongting Lake Water God belief according to the time sequence, outline a clearerL historical evolution of Dongting Lake Water Deity belief, and probe into the man part of Dongting Lake Water and ritual to it, analysis of the change process, as well as the concrete manifestation of the change of Dongting Lake Water Deity faith. Focuses on the Dongting Lake Water Deity belief is born of the tragic memory of the Dongting Lake people from ancient times to the flooding, a water concern of the collective unconscious appearance.The third chapter is the empirical research carried out based on the theory of anthropological fieldwork and function of school Junshan xiang Fei Temple, the JinShi JiaShan Jiangnv Temple, the Miluo Quzi Temple fieldwork center point to xiang Fei, Meng Jiang, Qu Yuan and other Dongting Lake Water Deity as a typical case, discusses the Dongting Lake Water Deity belief in the survival of the state of today’s society, the function and value of faith and how to be successful and effective use of important practical problems.Chapter IV from the perspective of case studies combined with field survey data on the Dongting Lake Water Deity YoungYao What beliefs were traced and the reality on the history of folklore studies. Comparative analysis across the country, General YangSi image and Dongting Lake, General YangSi image, as well as the history of Dongting Lake YoungYao uprising and the legend of history stories, analysis, and by examining the YoungYaowhat faith in the folk heritage of the Dongting Lake region, restore the Dongting Lake, General Yang Si (Yang Yao) the true face of the beliefs, and Dongting Lake and Yang Si (YoungYao) hosted by the general belief in the formation and development of Hunan regional culture.After combing the literature on the worldwide worship of the god of water and parts of China, legends and beliefs of the Water God, Chapter VI explores the Dongting Lake Water Deity xiang Fei with the Greek god Poseidon from the comparative study of perspective god of water of Dongting Lake various similarities and differences between the Xiang Fei and Poseidon Ma zu, and the formation of these similarities and differences between the deep historical and cultural reasons.Chapter VI is the outlook for the future of the Dongting Lake monotheistic faith from the influence of culture on the environment, from the cultural level, investigates the evolution of the relationship between people and environment. In this paper, the value of the Dongting Lake water faith and cultural evolution and sustainable development put forward their views and suggestions. That:strengthen the interaction between the culture of the Dongting Lake Water Deity and the ecology, cultivate a new folk culture, and enhance public awareness of environmental protection.Dongting Lake monotheism culture also has a broad market of the cultural needs and great potential of room for improvement, which can promote the take-off of the the Huxiang economy and culture.The conclusion summarizes the main content and the main points of this paper. Dongting Lake water faith, experience the development process that from traditional to the modern times, which must contain the collective memory of the Dongting Lake people of their own lives and experiences, this is a known collective unconscious, the national psychology is also a difficult diluted accumulation, implies a tragic aesthetics of Huxiang Exile culture, laid the the Huxiang cultural concern for the fate of the tragic tradition.更多还原