【作者】 俞玲；

【导师】 姚先国；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 政治经济学， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 平等就业是一项基本的人权,但我国现行户籍制度却人为地将户口分为不同的等级,并限制人口迁移和自由流动,严重侵害了劳动者平等就业的权利,导致不同户籍身份劳动者之间的就业不平等。户籍制度是影响我国劳动者就业不平等的制度根源。本文试图对户籍制度影响劳动者就业问题进行系统性研究。本文主要采用历史分析法、统计分析法、计量分析法、比较分析法等方法,考察了现行户籍制度形成和改革的历史,分析了户籍制度改革的成果和局限性,详细论证了不同历史阶段户籍制度对劳动者就业的影响,并利用最近的问卷调查数据对当前劳动力市场户籍歧视的特征、程度和趋势进行了实证研究。最后,本文从自由迁徙权和公民身份角度探讨了户籍制度影响劳动者就业不平等的机制,由此指出促进平等就业的政策方向。本文的研究表明：(1)、计划经济时期,户籍制度阻隔了我国城乡交流和人口乡城流动,造成城乡劳动者就业隔绝,户口成为决定劳动者就业机会、收入、劳动保障和福利的首要因素。(2)、改革开放以来,户籍制度仍是阻碍我国劳动者实现平等就业的重要障碍,同时,随着户籍制度改革和劳动力流动政策的调整,劳动者就业不平等的内容和程度具有阶段性特征。(3)、实证结果显示,当前城市劳动力市场上仍存在就业的户籍歧视,主要表现为劳动者职业选择的区域歧视、社会保险的城乡歧视和区域歧视,前者的歧视程度已较低,后者的歧视程度相对较高。(4)、实证研究发现,2012年社会保险的城乡歧视和区域歧视与2009年相比有明显的下降,城市公共服务成为当前劳动者实现平等就业的主要内容。本文全面、系统地梳理了户籍制度影响劳动者就业的历史和现状,从区域歧视和城乡歧视两个方面深入考察了户籍歧视对劳动者工资、就业机会和社会保障的影响,归纳和论证了平等就业内涵的动态发展过程,弥补了现有文献研究的不足,具有一定的创新意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Equal employment is a basic human right, but China’s current household registration system constraints migration and the freedom of movement by artificially divided hukou into different levels, leading to seriously infringement of the right to equal employment and employment inequality between workers with different household registration status. Household registration system is the origin of unequal employment. In this paper, we attempt to make a systematically study on how the household registration system influence the labors’job.Historical analysis, statistical analysis, quantitative analysis, comparative analysis and so on are used to study the history of existing household registration system from formation to reform, to discuss the achievements and limitations of household registration system reform, and detailed argument how the household registration system impact the workers’job in different historical stages. And we also use recent survey datas to make an empirical research on the household discrimination on the current labor market, including the characteristics, extent and trends of the discrimination. Finally, we investigated the mechanism of the household registration system to employment inequality between workers with different household registration status from the perspective of freedom of migration and citizenship, and point out policy directions to equal employment.Studies show that:(1) During the planned economy period, urban and rural communication, as well as the rural-urban migration, were absolutely blocked by the household registration system, leading to job isolation between urban and rural workers, and hukou turned into the primary factor deciding the occupation, income, social insurance and welfare of laborers.(2) Since reform and opening, the household registration system is still a major obstacle to equal employment, but the forms and extent of inequality between laborers have changed with the reform and adjustment of the household registration system and the labor mobility policies.(3)Empirical studies show that there is still household discrimination in current urban labor market, which mainly as regional discrimination with a lower level in occupation, urban-rural and regional discrimination with a relatively high degree in social insurance.(4) Empirical studies also show that there is a significant decline in urban-rural and regional discrimination between2009to2012, public services supplied by city government have become the main content of equal employment.By combing the hukou effects on labors’job since1958comprehensively and systematically, looking in depth at household discrimination on wages, occupation and social insurance, concluding the dynamic development process of the content of equal employment, this paper make up for the deficiencies of the existing literature and proved to be some innovative.更多还原