【作者】 王永齐；

【导师】 张小蒂；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 国际贸易学， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 众多的文献从理论和实证的角度阐述了贸易确实是促进一国资本积累的重要来源,但理论与实际发展往往呈现出不同的运行轨迹,结合中国的贸易实际,进出口总额的增长速度以及占GDP比重持续扩大,外汇储备不断增加。与此同时,我国的固定资本投资和资本存量不断增加,经济增长率也始终保持较高的水平,显然,贸易对于促进我国资本形成和经济增长具有重要作用,国内学者的研究也证实了这种情况的存在。而另一方面,我国的收入贸易条件与价格贸易条件经常反向变动,价格贸易条件基本呈现下降趋势,而收入贸易条件则呈上升趋势,表明我国贸易顺着和外汇储备的增加依赖于低价条件下的贸易量的扩张,从而造成创汇不创收的结果,贸易收益并不理想。在贸易与资本积累存在相关性的情况下,实际上意味着贸易促进我国资本积累的效率相对低下。基于这样的情况,本文将在遵循比较优势的基础上,将企业家能力值纳入生产函数,通过新古典经济增长理论来具体研究企业家能力对资本积累效率的影响,具体探讨企业家能力对贸易条件和资本回报率的影响。这一思路的出发点来自于林毅夫的新结构主义分析,其认为企业的自生能力决定的经济发展水平,而企业的自生能力如何变动却并没有给予说明,本文认为,企业的自生能力取决于企业家能力,企业家能力的提升有助于提高企业自生能力,进而使得经济获得动态比较优势。通过理论上阐述企业家能力对资本积累的影响,可以得出相应三个推论,一是消费品部门相对于资本品部门的企业家能力值的上升有利于改善贸易条件；消费品部门相对于资本品部门的资本投入比重上升同样有利于贸易条件改善；消费品部门的资本劳动比,即资本密集程度的上升能否改善贸易条件取决于其资本产出弹性是否大于资本品部门；消费品部门企业家能力和劳动效率的提升都将有利于贸易条件改善,并促进资本积累和人均产出水平上升；二是只有当消费品部门的资本产出弹性小于资本品部门时,其资本劳动比上升才会有利于资本积累和产出增加,即消费品越倾向于资本密集品,对贸易条件的改善作用和资本积累效果越明显；三是消费品部门的资本劳动比上升将提高资本回报率；只有当消费品部门的资本产出弹性大于资本品部门时,其企业家能力、资本投入比重的升才会提高资本回报率,反之,将降低资本回报率。通过数据的经验分析也证实了上述推论的存在,企业家能力值上升的确可以缓解贸易条件恶化程度。同时将上述分析推广到区域比较,将区域差距理解为企业家能力的差距,正是由于企业家要素在区域的分布密度和能力的差异导致了区域经济发展的不均衡,结果同样证实,东部地区企业家能力对资本积累效率的提高产生显著影响,而中西部地区企业家能力值的上长对资本积累的促进作用仍然体现在量的扩张而非效率改进,这也正是造成区域经济差距的重要原因,最后还比较分析了江苏和浙江两省的企业家能力和资本积累效率差异,两个地区的资本积累效率差异根源于其分工模式路径选择,正是这种路径差异导致企业家能力的表现具有不同的特点。更多还原

【Abstract】 Numerous theoretical and empirical literatures the fact that trade is an important source of capital accumulation for the country, but the development of theory and practice often presents a different trajectory. Combined with China’s trade, the growth rate of import and export.and the share of trade to GDP continues to expand, which increase china’s foreign exchange reserves. At the same time, China’s fixed capital investment and capital stock increased, economic growth has always maintained a high level, obviously, and trade has an important role for the promotion of capital formation and economic growth. Domestic scholars have confirmed this fact.On the other hand. China’s income terms of trade and price terms of trade are often reverse while the income terms of trade are rising, indicates that China’s foreign exchange reserves increasing depends on the low price and the expansion of trade Volume. Which cause the non-revenue-earning results, gains from trade is low, which means that efficiency of capital accumulation caused by trade is relatively low.Based on this situation, this article will follow the basis of comparative advantage, take the value of entrepreneurship into the production function, through the neoclassical growth theory to study entrepreneurship’s impact on capital accumulation efficiency, specifically we will discuss the effect of entrepreneurship on trade conditions and the rate of return to capital. This line of thought is the starting point from Justin Lin’s new structuralism analysis, it considers a firm’s ability to determine the level of economic development, but he did not provide an explanation about the source of firm’s ability, this paper believes that a company’s viability depends on entrepreneurs ability, to enhance entrepreneurship helps to improve firm’s viability, thus making economic gain dynamic comparative advantage.Through the analysis of the effect of Entrepreneurship ability on capital accumulation, the corresponding three inferences can be drawn, namely the consumer goods sector relative to capital goods sector have a high capital-product elasticity,entrepreneurship abilityrise will help to improve the terms of trade; relative to capital goods sector consumer goods sector increased the proportion of capital investment will favor the terms of trade; whether the rise of capital-labor ratio of export sectors (consumer goods) can have benefit to improve the terms of trade depends on its ability, capital-output elasticity is greater than the capital goods sector; consumer goods sector entrepreneurs capacity and labor efficiency improvements will be conducive to improved terms of trade, and promote capital accumulation and per capita output levels; Second, only when the consumer goods sector capital output elasticity is less than the capital goods sector, its capital-labor ratio will conducive to capital accumulation and output increases, the more likely that capital-intensive consumer goods, improved terms of trade effects and capital accumulation effect is more obvious; the rise of capital-labor ratio of consumer goods sector will increase return on capital; only when the consumer goods sector capital-output elasticity is greater than the capital goods sector, its entrepreneurship will increase return on capital, in turn, will reduce the return on capital.Data analysis also confirmed the existence of the above reasoning, the ability of entrepreneurship can indeed alleviate rising terms of trade deterioration. By taking the above analysis extended to the regional comparison, we can understand the gap between regional disparities, precisely because entrepreneurs factor in regional differences has led to uneven results also confirm that the entrepreneurship in eastern region have a significant impact on the efficiency of capital accumulation, while entrepreneurship ability of central and western regions still reflected the expansion of amount of capital accumulation rather than efficiency improvements, which is an important reasons for regional economic disparitiesFinally, a comparative analysis of differences of entrepreneurs’ability and efficiency of capital accumulation of Jiangsu and Zhejiang it can conclude that the difference of capital accumulation efficiency of two regions rooted in the division of labor pattern, it is this path differences lead to the performance of the entrepreneur ability.更多还原