【作者】 齐昕；

【导师】 王雅莉；

【作者基本信息】 东北财经大学 ， 区域经济学， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 金融促进经济发展的作用、功能和金融危机对经济发展的危害,正随着当代的经济全球化、企业跨国化、经济金融化和城乡一体化进程而逐步成为社会各界所关注的焦点。相关实践已经证明,金融已由资本主义竞争时代的交易中介转化为现代市场经济中,由对发展的牵头、控制和影响作用表现的社会主导力量。伴随着现代金融的成长和完善,金融潜能已充分渗透到现代经济发展中的微观、中观和宏观层面,已形成经济系统中的金融经济力。对于金融经济力,忽视其对经济、社会和城市化系统各个层面的渗透、不了解其作用功能,就会无法把握发展的质量从而避免由金融风险带来的损害。只有正视和引导这种渗透,并使金融活动在国家政策指导下成为促进社会各层次实体经济高速、高效和可持续发展的一种经济力,才能更好地发展市场经济,这也是现代市场经济体系中经济分析和理论建树的重要任务。区域是在宏观经济巨系统中起到承上启下作用的重要单元,区域经济能否高效、可持续发展将直接关系到宏观和微观的层次的经济能否高效运行。在中国各地理区域中,东北地区正在崛起并逐步成长为第四大增长极；同时,作为新中国的长子,东北老工业基地已为全国经济发展做出重大贡献。但在此进程中,经济发展却因资源的消耗与过度、低效的利用而变得愈加不可持续。选取何种动力推进区域经济特别是东北老工业基地的经济高效的可持续发展,便成为振兴宏观经济的重要途径。实践证明,金融功能在很大程度上发挥于区域经济运行进程中,金融功能得到充分发挥则能够推进各层次经济运行,反之也可能阻碍区域经济可持续发展。金融的这种根植性和对于区域经济运行的渗透性、推进性,逐步得到社会各界的关注,在国家于2013年4月初出台的全国老工业基地调整改造规划(2013-2022)中,便明确提出了老工业基地振兴的金融发展战略。具体在融资政策中,提出要创新投融资模式,支持符合条件的具有较强综合实力的投资公司发行债券,募集资金用于组织实施城区老工业区综合改造。支持符合条件的整体搬迁企业发行债券,用于企业搬迁改造。发挥各类股权投资(基金)企业的作用,鼓励建立专门股权投资基金,支持老工业基地企业技术改造、兼并重组,城区老工业区改造和开发区建设等。鼓励有条件的地方建立中小企业信用担保基金,稳妥有序地发展小额贷款公司,扶持各类创业投资公司成长。支持商业银行在老工业基地设立分支机构。优先支持符合条件的老工业基地项目申请使用国际金融组织和外国政府优惠贷款等。这些政策是振兴老工业基地的关键性机制,也是引导区域经济发展的社会动力。本文依据中国老工业基地的振兴需要与金融在现代市场经济中的全面渗透和牵头作用,提出了金融经济力概念。金融经济力是金融活动在作用于经济运行的过程中,能够产生经济、社会发展正效应的金融潜能;反之,在金融活动作用于经济运行过程中,产生经济、社会发展负效应的金融潜能则称为金融非经济力。具体说来,金融运行产生金融潜能。金融潜能在其产生和演进的过程中,对区域经济发展会产生正、负效应。这里的正效应,包括对本地的增长效应和对外地的空间溢出效应,是一种社会经济力。也就是说,能够产生区域经济增长正效应或正向空间溢出效应的金融潜能为金融经济力；这里的负效应指金融潜能产生了阻碍或扰乱经济正常发展的社会秩序,给发展带来了损害,是金融非经济力。在区域经济发展中,金融经济力在时间维度上多表现为金融资源力和金融中介力,分别由能够发挥正向经济发展效应的金融资源潜能和金融规模潜能形成。金融经济力在空间维度上,则更多地表现为金融区位力、金融集聚力和金融辐射力,分别由能够发挥正向经济发展效应的金融流强度潜能、金融集中趋势潜能和金融外向潜能形成。这五种类型的金融经济力均能够产生经济、社会和环境的发展效应。借助于金融经济力重振东北老工业基地雄风,需要挖掘金融经济力的资金和资源配置功能,以缓解企业和产业的投融资困境、提高资本运用效率并促进产业结构的转型和创新,提升东北地区工业结构的高级度；需要挖掘金融经济力的空间集聚、中介和辐射功能,以在帮助东北老工业基地提升规模经济、范围经济和关联经济效益的同时,提升东北地区的地方化经济和城市化经济效应,推进其城市转型、整合,构建东北三省城市群和巨型城市的行动机制,以实现创建经济、社会和环境三位一体的发展愿景。这种挖掘就成为本文的基本研究宗旨。在总结并梳理了有关金融与经济发展关系的理论及文献成果的基础上,本文首先界定了金融经济力的思想范畴,认为其是由金融运行和运作而发生、作用于经济运行并受经济运行影响的社会形态。为此,振兴东北老工业基地,必须使金融在与经济互动中产生金融经济力。循着这一认识,本文对金融经济力的形成机理、表现形态与作用类型作了全面分析。其中,金融经济力的表现形态包括时间维、空间维和时空维形态；在区域经济发展中的作用类型,包括效应类型和空间作用类型。综合两种分类,把金融经济力划分为金融资源力、金融区位力、金融集聚力、金融中介力和金融辐射力。其中,前两种为时间维金融经济力,后三种为空间维金融经济力。由此,产生了金融及经济运行的时空维状态——金融潜能及其经济力的时空维状态——金融经济力的区域和城市发展效应的研究主线,构建了金融经济力的理论分析体系。本文依据所建立的金融经济力的理论分析体系,以东北振兴为案例,考察和衡量了东北三省金融经济力的存在、发展和贡献状况,分别从时、空维度分析了东北地区的金融及经济运行状态。包括对经济运行中的资金供求、资本配置效率、金融资源空间分布格局、金融资源空间供求、金融与经济运行的协调性等方面的分析。运用向量自回归模型,实证分析了金融运行对经济发展的作用。结果表明,在影响经济发展的要素中,金融具有其他要素如资本积累、人力资本等所不具备的,对于经济发展的正向影响,也即金融发展比其他因素发展更能够带来经济强有力的持续性增长。同时建立了探查东北老工业基地金融潜能及其经济力的状态模型。从时、空维度分别测度了金融资源潜能、金融规模潜能、金融集中趋势潜能、金融流强度潜能和金融外向潜能的形成状况。从中选取了城市、市场、金融、经济运行等相关指标,借助于主成份分析法,对东北地区地级以上城市的金融综合实力,进行了主成份分析和评分排序。在此基础上,运用面板模型,实证分析了东北地区金融潜能的经济增长效应；运用空间计量经济学方法,构建空间面板模型,使用Matlab、Geoda等软件,实证分析了这五种金融潜能对于经济发展的空间溢出效应。得出如下结论：金融规模潜能和金融集中趋势潜能的经济增长效应在大多数城市为正；金融外向潜能和金融流强度潜能的经济增长效应基本在大城市为正,中小城市为负；金融规模潜能和金融流强度潜能的经济发展空间溢出效应为正。证实了在东北三省大多数城市,存在金融中介力和金融集聚力,在大城市存在金融区位力和金融辐射力。其中,金融规模潜能因同时具备正向的经济增长效应和空间溢出效应,而成为水平相对较高的金融潜能,也即金融中介力在东北三省各地级城市发育相对良好。同理,因金融流强度潜能在大城市具备正向经济增长效应和空间溢出效应,而只能说规模较大的地级以上城市具备金融区位力。本文的实证研究还发现,东北地区已经形成的金融经济力在推动区域经济发展过程中,还存在着金融经济力的城市化推进效应和社会进步效应。具体表现是：金融经济力通过作用于城市化进程,调节城市及城市化运行过程中的非均衡、非包容的不可持续性矛盾；在推进社会效率化的基础上兼顾公平,调节社会运行过程中各参与主体对于社会利益享用的非均等现象,推进社会包容化发展。值得强调的是,本文重点探讨了金融经济力推进城市化效应的形成机制。即金融经济力通过分别作用于“城经济”“市经济”“城市化经济”,推进城市化在这三个层次分别实现均衡的机制。特别的,金融经济力的均衡型、包容性发展,也是突破东北区域经济非均衡运行、差距扩大化,以及城市化进程中的非包容、非均衡等瓶颈社会经济力。同时,也可以说经济和社会顺利转型、推进区域经济一体化进程,也能够从金融经济力的实现或均衡金融政策的实施中得到支持。金融经济力正效能的充分发挥,有赖于强健的金融体魄、顺畅的传导渠道、适度倾斜、监管严明的金融政策,以及与之相互协调的金融市场和经济发展环境。本文最后探讨东北振兴中的原有和现行金融经济政策的实施效果。这些金融经济政策一方面反映了国家对于东北老工业基地振兴中充分发展金融、扩大金融经济力发挥空间的政策支持；另一方面,也体现了对于金融运行、金融经济力形成,以及增强金融经济力效应的关注度在逐步上升。进一步来讲,从增强金融潜能、顺畅金融潜能的传导渠道、综合提升金融经济力的经济发展效能、城市化助推效能和社会发展效能等角度,提出了提升东北地区金融经济力及其发挥水平的针对性建议。指出：金融经济力是全面助推东北老工业基地经济、社会和城市化进程的重要引擎；包容性金融经济力是推进城市化均衡、可持续发展,社会公平进步的重要动力。应通过优化金融资源的供求效率、时空配置效率以及质量来改善金融潜能；通过建设东北金融中心、优化东北区域的融资政策、构建东北经济信息系统、建设东北金融体制,来分别提升金融经济力的集聚效应、扩散效应、中介效应和稳定效应。通过发展包容性金融促进包容性金融经济力的形成及其发展效应的充分发挥。展望未来,东北地区将会展现出鼓励金融经济力发展、借助金融经济力的发展效应来推动经济、社会和城市化三位一体高效发展的趋势。本文主要采用实证分析法,以变量分析为基准,联带机制分析。(1)实证分析。通过合理假设,基于局部静态分析法,从逻辑上分割金融运行和经济发展,将金融经济力分为时间维金融经济力和空间维金融经济力,描述金融经济力的形成机制及其发展效应的形成与发挥机制。运用空间计量分析方法和Eviews6.0、Geoda、Matlab、 Spss等分析软件,全面测度了东北地区金融潜能的经济增长效应、空间溢出效应、金融综合实力的得分和排名情况,并应用探索性数据分析法,描述了金融资源的空间分布状态。得出东北地区已经具备一定程度的金融经济力,大多数城市已享受到金融经济力的经济发展福利,但规模和初始禀赋不同的城市所拥有的金融经济力类型和水平不同的结论。在一定程度上验证了东北老工业基地的经济发展受到时间维和空间维金融经济力影响；金融经济力是全面振兴老工业基地的新动力等假设。(2)变量分析。与机制分析相对,变量分析是指运用变量之间的相互关系进行逻辑推理的研究方法,它融合“数理经济学”的建模、数据分析,传统计量经济学与新兴空间计量经济学模型和软件的优越性。本文运用变量分析方法,完成了对于金融潜能的测度、对于金融综合实力的评估、对于金融潜能及其经济力空间分布格局的判断,以及对于金融潜能的经济增长效应和空间溢出效应的度量。本文创新之处在于：(1)通过理论与实践相结合的探索,创新性地提出了区域经济发展的金融经济力概念。构建了金融经济力体系,将其在区域经济发展中的作用形态,具体化为金融资源力、金融中介力、金融区位力、金融集聚力和金融辐射力五大经济力,为老工业基地振兴提供了崭新的发展机制理论。(2)应用金融经济力理论,丰富了振兴东北老工业基地的政策体系。认为金融经济力是推进东北老工业基地振兴的新型动力,应积极创造条件,改善金融及其经济力运行的体制机制环境,制定一系列能够切实提高东北老工业基地振兴过程中产业结构与经济结构转变、城市化均衡可持续发展、社会进步平等的金融政策,将金融经济力及其发展政策的制定纳入到东北老工业基地政策制定范畴。为东北老工业基地振兴提供了政策分析工具。(3)运用空间计量分析方法和Eviews6.0、Geoda、Matlab、Spss等软件,全面测度了东北地区金融潜能的经济增长效应、空间溢出效应、金融综合实力的得分和排名情况,并应用探索性数据分析法,描述了金融资源的空间分布状态。是一种由理论到方法的创新性区域经济运行状态分析。总之,随着中国市场化改革的深入,金融对区域经济发展的渗透力逐步增强。一方面,借助于金融经济力这种新型社会动力振兴东北老工业基地具有战略意义；另一方面,金融对于东北振兴的作用也已日益凸显。为培育金融经济力的成长、成熟和正效能的发挥,需要通过深化改革金融体制、优化经济发展的政策环境,使金融经济力对区域经济的发展效应不断增强。可以相信,在全面落实国家振兴老工业基地规划、在新型工业化和新型城镇化双轮互动的发展进程中,金融经济力理论将会发挥重要作用,展现其应有的理论建树和指导实践的学术价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 The financial promoting economic development problem is with the economic globalization,enterprise multinational chemical,economic JinRongHua and urban and rural integration process,gradually become the focus of the society from all walks of life. The practice has been proved that, finance has already changed its intermediary role in the capitalist competition era into the lead strength of modern market economy. With the growth of modern finance, it has been fully play its part in the medium micro and macro levels of the modern economic development,and gradually become the backbone to promote the level of real economy to develop sustainablely and efficiently.Area plays a transitional role of unit in the macro economic giant system, the financial function in the very great degree play in regional economy in the process of operation. There is no lack of that countries through the financial pistol regional economic success all over the world. As the eldest son of new China, northeast old industrial base has made great contributions to the national economic development, and has been functioned as modern agriculture base and equipment manufacturing base. Although the northeast China has passed through nine years, industry and economy has made rapid development; yet there are still many unsustainable hidden trouble, leading to the old industrial base gradually fading. As to further promote the comprehensive revitalization of northeast old industrial bases and transform,our country publish planning adjustment (2013-2022) for the country’s old industrial base in early April2013. In financing policy, puting forward innovatiing investment and financing mode, supporting companies qualified with strong comprehensive strength of the investment to issue bonds, to raise money for organizing the implementation of urban old industrial zone of comprehensive reform. Support eligible overall relocation companies issue bonds, transferring for enterprises. Play to the role of the various equity investment (fund) enterprise, encourage the establishment of specialized equity investment fund, to support the old industrial base of enterprises’ technical renovations annexation and reorganization and the reform of urban old industrial zone and development zone construction, etc. Encourage conditional place to establish small and medium-sized enterprise credit guarantee fund, safe and orderly development of small loan companies, supporting all kinds of venture investment company growth. Support commercial Banks to set up a branch office in the old industrial base. Priority support eligible project application in the old industrial base of the use of international financial organizations and foreign governments preferential loans, etc. These policies is a key mechanism to the revitalization of old industrial base, leading the social power of regional economic development.Based on the revitalization of old industrial base of China and financial penetrated and lead role in the modern market economy, put forward the concept of financial and economic power. Financial economic power is the financial potential which applied to economic operation financial activities that can produce effect of social environment and economic development. Financial activity function in economic operation cause the negative effects of social environment and economic development financial potential is called the non-financial economic force. Practice has proved that financial running into financial potential. Financial potential in its emergence and evolution of the process, will produce positive and negative effects on the region economy development. Positive effect, including the effect on growth of local and nonlocal spatial spillover effects, is a kind of social economic forces.That is to say, the financial which can produce effect of regional economic growth or spatial spillover effects, is a kind of economic power.The negative effects happened here refers to financial potential obstacles or disrupt the normal social order of the development of the economy, brought harm to the development, is the none financial economic force. In regional economic development, financial economic power of time dimension is financial resources and financial intermediary forces, respectively reformed from financial resource potential and financial scale formation potential. Financial economic power of space dimension, are more likely to show the financial regional force,financial agglomeration forces and financial radiation force. Respectively formed by Jin Rongliu potential,financial potential of central tendency and outgoing. The five types of financial and economic forces are able to produce the development of economic social and environmental effects.By using the financial economic power, to revive the northeast old industrial base, financial economic power of the money and resource allocation functions need to be mined. In order to ease the financing difficulties,to raise capital to use efficiency of enterprise and industry,and to promote industrial structure transformation and innovation, to promote industrial structure in the northeast of advanced degrees. Need to dig the financial intermediary spatial agglomeration of economic power and radiation function, to help northeast old industrial base in the ascending scale economy scope and associated economic benefits at the same time, improve the localization of the economy and urbanization in northeast China economic effect, promote its integration to build the northeast three provinces city transformation and the action mechanism of giant cities, urban agglomerations in order to realize the vision to create the development of economic society and the environment of the trinity. The mining has become basic research purpose of this article.In summary and combed the related literature of the relationship between financial and economic development theory and, on the basis of this article first to define the scope of the financial and economic power of thought, think it is by the operation and financial operation role in economic operation and affected by the economic operation of society. To this end, the revitalization of northeast old industrial base, it is necessary to make financial economic forces are generated in the financial and economic interaction. Followed this knowledge, in this paper, we make a comprehensive analysis on the formation mechanism of form of financial economic power and on the types of work. Among them, the forms of expression of financial economic forces include time space and time and space dimensions form.Role in the regional economic development types, including the type of effect and space effect type. Comprehensive two kinds of classification, divides the financial economic force for financial resources force financial regional financial agglomeration forces financial intermediary force and radial force. Among them, the former two as the time dimension of financial economic power, three dimensions for the space after the financial economic power. Thus, generate the financial economic operation of the space-time dimension state financial potential and economic dimensions of space and time state financial and economic forces the study of the effect of regional and urban development, constructs the system of financial economic power of the theoretical analysis.According to the established financial economic theory analysis system, in northeast China as a case, inspect and measure the northeast three provinces force presence and contribution to the development of financial economy, respectively from the empty dimension analyze financial and economic running state in the northeast. Including the analysis of the capital allocation efficiency of financial capital supply and demand financial resources, spatial distribution pattern of financial resources supply and coordination with economic operation, etc. Using vector autoregressive model, empirically analyze the financial operation of effects on economic growth. Results show that the influence factors of economic development, financial has other elements(such as capital accumulation of human capital, etc.) which don’t have positive effects for the development of the economy, namely the financial development than other factors, that can bring strong continuous growth. Established the state model to probe potential of northeast old industrial base and financial economic power. Respectively from the dimension of time space to measure the condition of the financial potential. Select financial economy and relevant indicators,by using factor analysis method, to ground level above the city in the northeast. On this basis, using the panel model, empirically analyze the financial potential of economic growth effect in the northeast; using spatial econometric method, constructing spatial panel model forms, using Geoda and matlab software, empirically analyze the space spillover effects for the economic development of the five financial potentia. The financial scale potential and the central tendency financial potential have positive economic growth effect in most of the big cities; financial outgoing potential and Jin Rongliu potential have positive economic growth effect in big cities, negative effect in small and medium-sized cities. Financial scale potential and Jin Rongliu strength potential have positive spatial spillover effect of economic development, the other two financial potential have negative spatial spillover effect. Confirmed that most of cities in three provinces in northeast China, there are financial intermediaries and financial agglomeration forces in big cities, and financial location force and radial force in big cities. Financial intermediary force throughout the three provinces in northeast China city development level is relatively good. Similarly, Jin Rongliu strength potential due to the in big cities have the positive effect of economic growth and spatial spillover effect, and can only say that the larger ground level above the city have a financial location.In this paper, empirical research also found that financial economic force which has formed in promoting the economic development process in the northeast, there is a financial force of regional economic development effect, including urbanization effect and society effect. Specific performance is:the financial economic power by acting on the urbanization process, releasing disequilibrium in the process of urbanization; In promoting social efficiency with fairness, on the basis of the operation process of easing social each participation main body for social benefit for the non-uniform phenomenon, promote the development of the social inclusion. Is to emphasize, this paper mainly discusses the formation mechanism of financial economic force on the urbanization effect.In particular, inclusive and balance development of the financial economic power, is a leverage and social economic force to breakthrough gap enlargement, the unbalanced economic growth and urbanization in northeast area. Support the smooth transition of economy and society to promote regional economic integration, will also be able to get the support from the financial and economic force or equilibrium financial policy.Financial economic power is efficiency, give full play to depend on strong financial body,smooth transmission channels, moderate tilt supervision strict financial policy, and the mutual coordination of financial markets and economic development environment.Finally, the paper discusses the original effect of the current financial and economic policies in northeast China.Reflects the country support full development in northeast old industrial base, revitalizating financial expansion of financial economic forces, and this attention gradually rise for financial operation, financial economic formation, as well as the financial economic force effect enhanced. Further enhancing the financial potential, smoothing the transmission channels of financial potential, increasing the economic development effect of the economic power,urbanization boosting efficiency and social development efficiency, etc. Put forward suggestiones to improve financial economic power and the level of countermeasures. Pointed out that:the financial economic power is the important engine of economic society and urbanization to upgrade of northeast old industrial base comprehensively. Inclusive financial force is the important power of urbanization sustainable economic development and social equity progress. Should be improve the efficiency of supply and demand of financial resources in time and space allocation, and quality to improve the financial potential.By the northeast financial center construction, financing policy construction,economic information system construction, to increase the financial agglomeration effect, diffusion effect intermediary effect and stable effect of the financial economic power. Through the development of an inclusive financial,to promote the formation and development of inclusive financial economic force effect into full play. Looking to the future financial development policy, northeast will show to encourage the development of the financial and economic development through the financial and economic forces effect, to promote economic and social efficiency development trend of urbanization of the trinity.This research mainly adopts empirical analysis, and with variable analysis as a benchmark came mechanism analysis.(1) Positive anylasis. Through the reasonable suppose, based on the local static analysis, logicaly divide financial operation and economic development, and describe the formation mechanism of financial economic power. In the quantitative analysis empty and regional development effect of regional economic development of the financial contribution, judge the level and direction of financial economic power on the regional economic effect by means of empirical analysis.(2) Variables analysis.In the choice of expression, contains text and graphics software applications. This article innovation lies in:(1)Through the combination of theory and practice of exploration, innovation, regional economic development, this paper presents the system of financial economic concept, construct the financial economic forces, its role in the regional economic development pattern, crystallising into intermediary financial force, regional financial resources, agglomeration financial forces and radiation financial force five big economic power, provides new development mechanism theory for the revitalization of old industrial bases.(2) Application of the theory of financial and economic power, build the revitalization of northeast old industrial base policy theory. Thinkingthat financial economic power is a new type of power in promoting the northeast old industrial base revitalization, should actively create conditions to improve the financial and economic running environment, formulated a series of policy which can improve the revitalization of the industrial structure and economic structure transformation in the process of urbanization,put the financial policy into the old industrial base policy category, is a kind of innovation. Provides the policy analysis tool for northeast old industrial base revitalization.(3) Application of spatial econometric methods and softwares, measure financial potential spatial spillover effects in the northeast comprehensively, applying spatial analysis, describes the spatial distribution of financial resources.Which is a kind of from theory to innovative regional economic operation state analysis method.All in all, with the deepening of the marketization reform in China, the financial penetration of the regional economic development is gradually increased. The role of finance in northeast China have been growing. To cultivate the financial economic power grow, mature and play its effectiveness, need through the deepening of financial system reform, optimize the environment of economic development policy, make the financial and economic force effect to the development of regional economy increasing. Are to be believed, in the full implementation of the national planning the revitalization of old industrial bases,in the development of new industrialization and new urbanization two-wheeled interactive process, financial economic force theory will play an important role, shows its theoretical accomplishment and guide the practice of academic value.更多还原