【作者】 肖建华；

【导师】 乌东峰；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 农业经济管理， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 人类农业经历10000余年发展,已从原始农业、传统农业发展到现代农业。但现代“石油农业”发展至今日,已步入了不可持续的死胡同。中国是后发国家,在走向现代化的过程中基本沿袭了西式现代农业的发展模式。目前,我国农业发展面临两难困境：既要大力发展现代农业,不断提高粮食产量以应对日益增长的农产品消费需求,又要在日益增大的资源与环境压力下保证农产品质量安全,减少对资源的消耗和环境的污染。现实表明,要想破解我国农业发展中面临的这一两难困局,不能再走西式国家大规模、高产出、高消耗、高污染的工业化农业之路,而只能走资源节约型、环境友好型农业之路。政府对农业进行支持保护和引导成了世界普遍性的现象。政府必须介入两型农业生产体系建设已成为当前我国两型农业生产体系建设研究中的共识。政府是两型农业生产体系建设中的重要主体,但不是唯一主体,它需要在与市场、社会的互动中解决两型农业生产体系建设问题。只有恰当界分政府与市场、社会的边界,政府才能真正找准调控和引导两型农业生产体系建设的着力点,形成政策的累积效应。本研究从两型农业生产体系的内涵入手,论文从多功能视角和后现代视角阐释两型农业生产体系的内涵,赋予其新的意蕴。同时,梳理了两型农业、传统农业、现代农业及“替代农业”形态的关系,提出了两型农业是对传统农业和现代农业的有机整合、“替代农业”形态只是两型农业的表现形态的观点。并将两型农业的实践形式和表现形态归结为三种主要的发展模式：有机精致农业发展模式、生态综合农业发展模式和休闲观光农业发展模式。界定了两型农业生产体系的内涵后,论文从两型农业的公共品、外部性、信息不对称的特征及其市场失灵方面论证了两型农业生产体系建设需要政府引导的缘由。同时对市场化进程中政府在两型农业生产体系建设中的作用进行了探讨。为了进一步建构我国两型农业生产体系建设的政府引导机制,需要借鉴国外关涉两型农业生产体系建设政府引导的成功经验。基于此,论文选择美国、德国、日本、古巴为个案进行研究。农户是两型农业生产体系建设政府引导的重要客体之一,农户参与是两型农业生产体系建设成功的关键。论文通过对我国农户从事两型农业生产体系建设的自为与它励的实地调查和个案分析,得出两型农业生产体系建设政府引导的必不可缺。接下来,论文从有机精致农业建设、生态综合农业建设和都市休闲农业建设方面梳理了我国政府引导的探索和不足。为了深入分析两型农业生产体系建设政府引导不足的原因,论文从劳动力、技术、资金、组织和制度五个维度分析了两型农业生产体系建设政府引导的制约因素。对政府引导的不足及其制约因素进行深入分析后,结合国外关涉两型农业生产体系建设政府引导的成功经验,论文提出了我国两型农业生产体系建设政府引导机制理论体系,提出了中国两型农业生产体系建设政府引导机制构建的培育要素和支持系统,即两型农业理念培育机制、两型农业法律规范机制、两型农业市场激励机制、两型农业技术支撑机制和两型农业组织协同机制。为了把理论应用于实践,检验理论的可靠性,论文通过运用DEA分析方法、AHP分析方法、灰色关联度分析法及MATLAB三维动态模型,对中国31个省(区、直辖市)政府引导的效果进行实证评价,同时对不同区域的政府引导效果进行分析评价,形成对不同农村区域两型农业生产体系建设政府引导机制有效性的判断数据。通过对政府引导效果进行分析评价,为完善两型农业生产体系的政府引导机制提供决策支持。更多还原

【Abstract】 Agriculture in human society, with a history of10,000odd years, has developed into its modern stage after experiencing the primary and traditional stages successively. Modern agriculture, known as petroleum agriculture, however, in recent decades has met with a stalemate. China, too, as a successor to the West that, in its process of modernization, has followed the basic model of developing modern agriculture, is now facing the dilemma:on one hand, in order to meet the ever-increasing demands for agricultural products, China has to develop with tremendous efforts modern agriculture to constantly raise food production; on the other hand, it has to reduce energy consumption and environmental pollution to tackle with the greater-than-ever pressure from both resource and environment, and meanwhile ensure the security of its agricultural products. It has been proved that this dilemma will not be solved unless China commits itself to resource-saving and environment-friendly agriculture (Two-Oriented Agriculture) rather than industrial agriculture once popular in west countries which is characterized by massive production, high yield, high energy consumption and high level of pollution.All around the world, it has become common that governments provide support and guidance to the development of agriculture in their countries. So in China, a common view has been held by researchers who are studying Two-Oriented Agriculture that Chinese government needs to interpose in the construction of the Two-Oriented Agricultural Production System. The government plays the main part in the construction, but its role is not exclusive, it also needs to interact with markets and the society. Only by distinguishing its role from the roles of markets and the society can a government focus its attention on regulation and guidance in the construction of such system and bring about a cumulative effect of its policy.This research begins with an explanation of the connotations of Two-Oriented Agriculture Production System from the multifunctional perspective and the post-modern perspective with an aim to evoke its new implications. In this chapter, it also illustrates four different forms of agriculture, i.e., Two-Oriented Agriculture, Traditional Agriculture, Modern Agriculture and Alternative Agriculture together with their relationship with each other. It points out that Two-Oriented Agriculture fundamentally integrates Traditional Agriculture and Modern Agriculture and the term Alternative Agriculture is exactly another expression of Two-Oriented Agriculture, which, according to its developing model, can be put into three categories:Organic Agriculture, Comprehensive Ecological Agriculture and Leisure and Sighting Agriculture. Besides, this chapter states the reasons why, in constructing Two-Oriented Agriculture Production System, a government’s guidance is only too necessary from the aspects of public goods, externality, information asymmetries and market failure, and then explores the role and significance of governments in the construction of Two-Oriented Agriculture Production System in the process of marketalization. To establish a government-guidance mechanism for the construction of the Two-Oriented Agriculture Production System in China, we need to use for reference the successful experience of other countries. Therefore, this research chooses America, German, Japan and Cuba as case studies.Farmers are the main object to whom a government provides support and guidance in the construction of Two-Oriented Agriculture Production System, so the participation of farmers is regarded as the key to the successful operation of such system. Accordingly, this study also conducts a field survey of the farmers in China who have been engaged in Two-Oriented Agriculture, some acting self-consciously, the others in response to some guidance. After studying these cases carefully, the research draws that it’s necessary and indispensable to introduce the government-guidance mechanism in the construction of Two-Oriented Agriculture Production System. In succession, this chapter proceeds to probe how the government-guided mechanism operates in developing Organic Agriculture, Comprehensive Ecological Agriculture and Leisure Agriculture respectively in China, and meanwhile reveals the deficiencies resulting from the restraining factors such as labor force, technology, funds, organization and management system. Last but not the least, this research puts forward a theoretical framework of a government-guided mechanism for the construction of a well-tailored Two-Oriented Agriculture Production System by referring to the successful experience of other countries. In ending the research a support system, including an idea-cultivating mechanism, a legal mechanism, a market incentive mechanism, a technical support mechanism and an organization coordination mechanism, is also suggested.To make the study reliable, such research methods as DEA. AHP, Grey Related Analysis and MATLAB were adopted to make an empirical evaluation of the effects that the guidance from31provincial, regional and municipal governments had upon the construction of Two-Oriented Agriculture Production System within these areas. Based on the analysis of such evaluation, some data were drawn on the validity of the government-guided mechanism. As a consequence, these data will provide decision support to improve and perfect the government-guided mechanism for the construction of Two-Oriented Agriculture Production System.更多还原