【作者】 王日明；

【导师】 熊兴耀； 龙岳林；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 园艺学， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 本研究在广泛查阅文献的基础上,遵循科学性、代表性与实用性原则,以植物物种多样性、绿地生态效益与绿地景观效果为三个一级指标,建立了以植物多样性为基础的城市绿地系统评价体系。并以怀化市为例,提出了长江中下游三线城市绿地系统植物多样性水平的评价标准、评价方法与计算依据。本研究系统调查怀化市城市绿地系统,并用所建立的评价模型与方法对怀化市城市绿地系统进行了评价,评价结果为怀化市城市绿地系统植物多样性水平差。主要表现在：绿地植物物种多样性水平较低；怀化市城市绿地系统所发挥的生态效益基本达标；绿地景观评价为差。怀化市城市绿地系统存在的主要问题可归结为：(1)城市绿地布局不合理：绿地在城区分布不均衡、公共绿地被侵占,绿地破碎化严重；怀化城市绿地率为30.78%,但相对集中于局部区域,如城北片区可以达到42%。而有的区域相对较低,如河西开发区绿地率不足5%。部分小区与商贸中心几乎没有绿化用地。(2)城市绿地园林植物种类品种少：怀化市绿地系统中仅使用木本类园林植物65科100属134种,草本类(尤其是一二年生草本花卉与多年生宿根花卉)应用不足,除草坪外,草本植物共应用36种,其用量在城市绿地中几乎可以忽略不计；(3)城市绿地园林植物配置不合理：怀化城市绿地中所用的配置模式主要以“乔木—灌木球—灌木色块模纹”、“乔木—灌木色块模纹”、“灌木球—灌木色块模纹”、“乔木—草坪”为主,园林植物配置模式呆板,群落可持续性差；(4)城市绿地景观效果差、地方特色不明显,植物景观趋同化,盲目模仿其它城市景观格调。针对以上的主要问题,本研究提出了怀化市城市绿地系统建设中基于植物多样性的优化方案。即(1)科学调整绿地布局、统筹规划城市绿地：从绿地系统建设战略、公园广场、道路、河岸湿地、次生林等侧面合理规划城市绿地；(2)主动开发园林植物资源,合理配置园林植物种类,全面提高物种多样性水平：(3)合理利用当地资源,体现地方文化特色：从历史文化背景、民俗民情、乡土植物等方面表现景观地方特色。更多还原

【Abstract】 According to consulting greats quantity of literature datum, and following by the principles of scientificalness, representativeness and utility, then using the plants of diversity, Ecological benefits of green space and Green space landscape effect as the first level indexes, an appraisal system of urban green space system, which was based on the plant diversity, was established by this studies.Secondly, we firstly investigated the ecological benefits, plant configuration model and landscape effects of urban green space system in Huaihua city. The results showed that plant diversity in urban green space system of Huaihua city was low, as evidenced by low plant species richness, high proportion of evergreen species, the unreasonable vertical layers spectrum, low proportion of trees and high degree fragmentation of green space. Ecological benefit evaluation of the green space system showed that it generally goog with good oxygen enrichment effect, cooling effect and moisturizing effect in the summer, but evaluation of landscape showed that it needed to be improved. Base on these results and the biodiversity theory, we then proposed a theory and method for urban green space system planning, which are systemic planning of urban green space system and ornamental plant planning.In summary, our study showed that:(1) the plant diversity of urban green space system is a basic aspect of urban construction. The richness of plant diversity is positively associated with the ecological benefit of urban green space system. The whole urban ecosystem is composed of local ecological environment, but it is not a simple accumulation of individual local ecological environment.(2) In addition to plant species and number, relevant factors, like ecological benefits and landscape effects of urban green space system should also be taken into consideration in the selection of evaluation index for plant diversity evaluation. Here we used plant species diversity (MP), eco-benefit (ME) and landscape effects (ML) to establish the plant diversity evaluation system of the urban green space system.(3) Increasing the variety of plant species is the most direct means to raise the level of plant diversity. Rational allocation of garden plants and enrichment of vertical layers spectrum are supplementation to improve the level of plant diversity.(4) Cultural connotation and local characteristics should be valued in the improvement and evaluation of plant diversity of urban green space system.更多还原