【作者】 褚兴彪；

【导师】 熊兴耀； 龙岳林；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 园艺学， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 乡村聚落景观是中国乡村重要的组成成分之一,占有土地面积的绝大部分。当今,乡村聚落景观的发展不仅面临着机遇也面临着困扰。本研究主要关注山东区域的乡村,选取合理评价指标,构建山东乡村景观评价体系,并选择有代表性的乡村进行评价,根据评价指数寻找发展潜力性与破坏性数据,从而给予优化策略,并根据策略进行优化设计。首先通过资料查阅、田野调研、问卷调查、问题分析等方法,从平面与立面两个角度对山东聚落景观的特征形态做理论性描述与分析；并根据乡村景观要素以及乡村功能所产生的价值选取合理指标,从而构建乡村景观评价指标体系；采用“3+1”模式,借助AHP软件进行分析,在实地调查以及专家打分的基础上获取数据,计算各个指标在聚落景观中得分的权重,确定各个指标及评价总目标的取值；最后根据科学性以及实践性原则选取研究点,包括古民居保护、平原地域、丘陵地域与山地地域类型有代表性的村庄各一个,将选取的研究点根据评价模型进行数据分析,从而获取各个指标的数值,确立需要优化的思路。最后根据数据分析结果,将四个研究区域分别确定为山水生态型、传统农业型、工业发展潜力型、古建筑民居保护规划型,进行优化策略分析以及尝试图纸设计方案。在上述研究基础上,完成山东乡村聚落景观优化研究,其主要研究结果包括：①以人类聚居学与景观生态学为基础,根据乡村景观所包含的景观要素、乡村景观的功能、价值等,将乡村聚落景观评价分5层61个指标,建立山东乡村聚落景观评价模型。②探索了乡村景观优化策略与思路,即在乡村聚落景观评价模型的基础上对考察点进行评价,并以研究点的潜力值以及破坏值作为需要优化的对象,即本研究点所具有的发展潜力以及修复具有破坏性的元素,根据评价结果,强化乡村所具有的优势特质,弱化破坏性因素,做出优化策略与方案分析。③利用地理、地势、人文以及非物质文化等多要素的叠合对乡村景观分类,从而确定乡村景观发展的类型。非物质文化与乡村景观密切相关,看似无形的文化却对乡村聚落景观起着至关重要的作用,所以将非物质文化因素融入乡村景观评价指标体系是有必要的。更多还原

【Abstract】 Rural settlement landscape is an important component of it, and occupying the most of the land area. The development of rural settlement landscape is facing the opportunity, as well as the puzzle. In this study, the countrysides of Shandong Province were mainly focused, the reasonable evaluation indexs were chosen to building evaluation system of rural landscape, and the representative villages were selected to be evaluated, then found the development potential and destructive data according to the evaluation indexs, to giving the optimal strategy, and disigned the retional villages according to the strategy.Firstly, the methods of looking up the related material, field investigation, problem analysis were adopted, to describe and analyze the characteristics of Shandong settlement landscape from two angles of the plane and the facade; and reasonable indicators were selected based on the elements of the rural landscape and the comprison of the values of rural functions, in order to build a assessment index system of rural landscape. Then, according to the data of field investigation and expert scoring, adopting the "3+1" mode, the rate of each index in the settlement landscape score was calculated with AHP software, in order to determine the value of each index and evaluation objectives. Finally, basing on the aboving results, the research area were classified into four country types which were, respectively, the landscape ecological type, the traditional agriculture type, the industrial development potential type and the protection type of ancient dwellings, and analyzed the optimal stratagies and come up with the optimal proposal of layout design.On the basis of the above study, the optimal design of Shandong rural settlement landscape would have being done. As follows, the main conclusions in the paper included:①the evaluation of the rural settlement landscape were sorted into5layer and61indicators basing on the human settlements and landscape ecology, according to the rural landscape which included the landscape element, the rural landscape function and value, and then the Evaluation model of Shandong rural settlement landscape was established.②The rural landscape optimal strategies and ideas were explored, That were assessing the research sites basing on the evaluation mode of rural settlement landscape, and optimizing the necessary section according to the evaluation results, then carry out the optimal stratagies and programs.③classifying the rural landscape making use of the superimposition of geography, topography, human elements, as well as non-material culture, and determining the development type of rural landscape. Non-material culture, which is intangible, is closely related with the rural landscape, and plays a vital role on the rural settlement landscape, so, that is necessaty to integrate the non-material culture into the evaluation index system of rural landscape.更多还原