【作者】 张德辉；

【导师】 王继仁；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁工程技术大学 ， 采矿工程， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 目前,随着煤炭资源的大规模、高强度开采,“三下”(建筑物下、铁路下、地下水下)煤炭资源成为了一些煤矿区进行煤炭资源回收的仅有资源,“三下”煤炭开采仍然在技术和安全问题上存在着许多问题。同时,随着煤炭资源采出,被大量排弃地面的煤矸石严重污染着环境。为了有效地回收“三下”煤炭资源和解决因煤炭开采造成的环境破坏问题,煤矸石充填开采技术成为了煤炭资源绿色开采有效方法之一本论文以铁法煤业集团晓南煤矿工业广场保护煤柱开采的工程实例为研究背景,基于采煤学、弹性力学、岩体力学、测量学和矿山开采沉陷等理论,采用理论分析、实验室实验、数值模拟和现场工业试验等研究方法,对巷式充填开采方法开采工业广场保护煤柱的相关理论和技术进行了研究。通过对预留煤柱极限平衡应力、屈服区宽度、充填体承载机理顶板变形破断机理进行理论研究,提出煤柱与充填体的二元承载结构的稳定机理,分析了顶板下沉量预测公式,提出了顶板破断判据和巷式充填开采煤柱及巷采宽度确定的计算方法。在晓南矿试验区采集充填矸石及煤岩实验样本,根据矸石充填实际情况设计研制了考虑测量侧向应力的矸石压缩变形实验装置,开展了不同级配矸石的压缩变形规律、侧压变化规律、应力应变规律实验,并提出了矸石压缩变形侧向力测量方法。通过矸石充填体实验研究了矸石粒径和级配对充填体结构的影响。在矸石充填体和煤岩力学性能测试及煤柱和矸石充填体二元结构承载机理研究的基础上,理论计算了煤柱和巷采宽度,提出了5种充填开采方案,并确定了巷采矸石充填最终方案。应用FLAC3D数值模拟软件对不同类型开采方案开采后覆岩及地表控制效果进行研究,研究了巷道初始充填率和煤矸石力学特性对覆岩移动的控制与巷道初始变形的关系。在确定开采方案的基础上,研究了晓南矿巷式充填开采的工艺和技术,研制了矸石井下充填装置和翻矸设备,并在晓南矿E1S-725巷采矸石充填巷道工作面开展了工业试验。最后应用概率积分法和在地表建立地表变形观测站监测变形的方法,对充填开采后地表变形情况进行了安全评价。通过对晓南矿巷采矸石充填方法、岩层控制及地表移动变形情况研究,提出了矸石充填里侧向压力测量方法,不同粒径和级配的煤矸石在压缩过程中,经历了压实—破碎—再压实的过程,这一过程煤矸石试样散体介质特性逐渐消失,可近似采用连续介质理论进行等效处理,粒径和级配对充填体力学性能影响明显。晓南矿巷式充填开采采用煤柱宽度和巷采宽度均为5m的开采方案,充填开采后地表变形较小,研究区域的地表建筑物损坏等级为Ⅰ级。通过对煤矸石充填开采方法和覆岩控制理论及技术研究,安全有效的开采了晓南矿工业广场保护煤柱资源,为“三下”煤炭资源开采在理论和技术上提供了参考依据,并为进一步研究巷式充填开采预留煤柱的开采问题提供研究基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 At the present, the "under three" coal resources become the only recycling resource for some coals. At the same time, that also leads to serious environment question and social question. The roots of the problem are the open air emissions of gangue and the sedimentation of goaf. In order to solve the serious problem which resulted by coal mining, we should pay more attention to the green mining technology. The core of that technology is the backfill mining with gangue.The research background of this paper is the coal mining by filling the gangue into the tunnel at Xiaonan Coal Mine of Tiefa Caol Mining Company Limited. According to some theories, such as coal mining, theory of elasticity, rockmass Mechanics, surveying course and mining subsidence, and some research methods, for example theoretical analysis, laboratory experiments, numerical simulation and industrial field test, the researches about protecting coal pillar during backfill strip mining with gangue in tunnel were carried out. According to study the limiting equilibrium stress of prearranged pillars, width of yielding zone, the bearing mechanism of filling body and the deforming and breaking mechanism of roof, the stability mechanism dual bearing structure, the prediction formula of roof convergence and the failure criterion of roof and the calculation method of alley mined width were putted forward and analyzed. The filling coal gangues and coal rock samples were collected from Xiaonan Coal Mine. The compression deformation device was designed, which could measure lateral stress. The tests, including compression deformation laws, lateral stress deformation, stress-strain deformation of different graded coal gangues, were carried out. And lateral force measurement method was putted out. Through experimental study, it is founded that the grain size and graduation have an impact on the filling body structure. On the basis of the above researches, the width of coal pillars and alley mined were calculated theoretically. And five kinds of filling mining plans were putted forward. Different mining schemes were simulated with FLAC3D, and study overlying strata and the control effect of ground surface. On the basis of the determined mining method, the process and technology of the backfill mining with gangue in tunnel were studied. The gangue filling device used underground and the turn gangue equipment were developed. The achievements have been applied to the E1S-725working face. Studies show that the initial filling ratio and gangue mechanical properties have effect on the control of overlying strata movement and the initial deformation of roadway. The last, the surface deformation after backfill strip mining was evaluated.Taking Xiaonan Coal Mine as the research object, a method was putted to measure lateral pressure during filling. In the process of compression, all the coal gangues experienced compacted—roken—econsolidated. During the process, the coal gangues gradually lost their bulk property, and could be equivalent to continuum. The width of coal pillars and alley mined are all5m. The surface deformation is small after backfill strip mining. The damage grade of the buildings in the study area is I. Through studying on theory and technology of coal gangue backfill strip mining strata control, the protective coal pillars of Xiaonan Coal Mining industrial square were safely and effectively mined. The study provides a reference basis for mining "under three" coal resources. And also provides research basis for further studying this problem.更多还原