【作者】 耿晓伟；

【导师】 刘剑；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁工程技术大学 ， 安全技术及工程， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 随着我国一些矿区老化与开采深度不断增大,煤层开采条件越来越复杂,急倾斜、高瓦斯、深部开采成为必然。据统计在我国煤炭资源中,急倾斜煤层的储量占煤炭总储量的4%,南方地区80%的矿区赋存有急倾斜煤层。而在开采方法上,部分急倾斜矿井为提高开采强度与产量,探索采用综放开采方式。综放开采由于一次开采强度大,冒落高度大,采空区残煤多,漏风严重,使得采空区自然发火危险性增加。论文以急倾斜高瓦斯综放开采采空区自然发火问题作为在研究对象,结合现场实际,找到防治这类矿井自然发火的有效措施。预防煤炭自燃,首先必须对煤的自然倾向性进行研究。论文在分析了我国现行鉴定方法的局限性基础上,提出采用热分析技术和活化能理论相结合的方法,采用热重、红外和质谱联用的方式,运用动力学机制模型函数,全面分析煤的低温氧化反应能力和氧化热解过程,确定指标气体、特征温度、求解活化能,分析煤的自燃倾向性。对于有自燃倾向性的急倾斜高瓦斯综放工作面,必须对采空区流场的气体运移规律进行深入分析。论文针对这类采空区流场特点,应用多孔介质的理论,建立采空区三维非均质流场数学模型。采空区气体流动服从Darcy定律、连续方程和动量方程。在对急倾斜采空区渗流系数进行确定及优化的基础上,应用CFD技术,对气体组分动力弥散现象及其机理进行分析,建立采空区气体组分动力弥散方程,并对采空区流场进行仿真。在煤炭自然发火监测上,提出将测温法与标志气体分析法相结合。通过优化监测工艺、测点布置和监测指标等实现全面、快速、准确的监测与监控。在对采空区“三带”划分上,结合急倾斜综放面采空区遗煤的分布特点和三带划分的影响因素,提出急倾斜综放面采空区自燃“三带”划分指标,明确急倾斜综放面采空区的“三带”分布趋势与特点。最后通过模拟、实验以及现场测试等手段,确定采空区自然发火测控参数,提出有效的防灭火综合技术。特别是在动态调风中,针对瓦斯与火进行了风量耦合计算,对于出现的不可调和矛盾,采取瓦斯抽采、注氮防灭火等技术措施进行控制。并对瓦斯抽采及注氮防灭火的相关技术参数、对采空区“三带”的影响等进行分析和模拟,保证急倾斜高瓦斯矿井的瓦斯与火的安全性。经过实践应用,取得较好应用效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the constant increase of the aging and mining depth of some mining areas in our country, the conditions for the exploitation of coal mining become more and more complex. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt the steeply inclined coal seam, high gas and deep mining. According to statistics, in our coal resources, the reserve volume of steeply inclined coal seam accounts for4%of the total coal reserves, and80%of the mining areas in the southern regions exist steeply inclined coal seams. When it comes to the mining method, to increase the mining intensity and production, some steeply inclined mines explore to adopt the fully mechanized caving mining. However, it results in the increase of spontaneous combustion risks in the gob because of the intense mining, obvious caving height, many residual coals and serious problem of leaking air. The paper study on the problem of spontaneous combustion in the fully mechanized caving mining gob of steeply inclined high gas. And it combines the actual site to find out effective measures to prevent and control this problem.In the first place, if you want to prevent coals from the spontaneous combustion, you should conduct a study on its tendency of coals. The paper not only analyzes the limitations of our current appraisal methods, but also puts forward the way of combining the thermoanalysis technology and theory of activation energy. In addition, it also adopts the combination of the thermogravimetry, infrared and mass spectrometry, uses the model function of dynamic mechanics, gives an overall analysis of the low temperature oxidation reaction ability and oxidative pyrolysis process of coals, confirms the indication gas, characteristic temperature, solves the activation energy and at last analyzes the tendency of the spontaneous combustion of coals.With regard to the fully mechanized caving face of the steeply inclined high gas which has the tendency of spontaneous combustion, you should make a deep analysis of the gas movement law in the flow field of the gob. This thesis aims at the characteristics of this flow field of the gob, uses the theory of porous media and establishes the mathematical model of three-dimensional anisotropic flow field in the gob. The gas flow in the gob complies with the Darcy’s law, continuity equation and momentum equation. Moreover, you should combine the CFD technology to confirm and optimize the transmission coefficient in the gob, analyze the hydrodynamic dispersion phenomenon of the gas composition and its mechanism, establish the hydrodynamic dispersion equation of the gas composition in the gob and then do the simulation towards the flow field of the gob.When it comes to the spontaneous combustion monitoring of coals, the paper proposes to combine the thermometry and analytic method of the mark gas, achieving complete, rapid and accurate monitoring and control by the optimization of monitoring process, measuring-point arrangement and monitoring indexes, etc.And for the division of three zones in the gob, it integrates the distribution characteristics of coals in the gob of the fully mechanized caving face of the steeply inclined high gas with the factors of the division. Then it puts forward the classification index of "three zones" of the spontaneous combustion and confirms their distribution trends and characteristics there.At last, it determines the measuring and controlling parameters of spontaneous combustion in the gob by means of simulations, experiments and field tests and brings forward effective synthesis technique of the fire prevention and extinguishing. Especially in the condition of regulation of the dynamic air, it makes the calculations of air volume coupling against the gas and fire. Then you can take technical measures such as the gas extraction and nitrogen injection against fire to control irreconcilable conflicts. In addition, this paper also makes the analysis and simulation of the related technical parameters of gas extraction and nitrogen injection against fire and the effects on "three zones" in the gob, ensuring the safety of the gas and fire in the steeply inclined high gas mine. And it acquires preferable application effects after the practice.更多还原