【作者】 王波；

【导师】 何世伟；

【作者基本信息】 北京交通大学 ， 交通运输规划与管理， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 近些年来,中国经济总量已具规模,但呈现出“不平衡、不协调、不可持续”的特点。随着铁路建设投资不断加大,运输能力正从限制型向适应型转变,在这种经济特点下加之自身因素,铁路货运形成了供需矛盾和结构性矛盾,两种矛盾深刻影响着铁路货运发展。在2008年,我国的经济出现了减缓的迹象,这严重冲击了铁路的经营,在2012年,我国经济又出现了下行趋势,铁路经营发展再次受到影响,同时,经过市场的多年深化,当前物流市场呈现出了多元发展态势,市场竞争日益激烈,铁路货运今后如何发展、怎样竞争令人深思。本文首先研究了铁路竞争战略有效实施的市场化条件和战略环境。由于铁路计划经济的特性依然显著,指令性计划仍是主要经济手段,存在着信息成本和激励成本过高而难以有效率的固有缺陷,因此必须深化市场化改革,而铁路市场化取向的改革能否成功在于运输价格和经营主体两个必要方面市场化改革能否成功,由此才能有效实施竞争战略。对于战略环境分析,是基于SCP理论对物流市场进行较全面分析,根据服务品质和产品价值来划分三类物流市场,应用产业组织理论对三类市场分别从市场结构、市场行为、市场绩效上进行考察,再通过对铁路在三类物流市场中的演化进行分析,以明确铁路在三类市场中的企业行为方式。其次,对铁路竞争战略进行定位分析。在分析运输需求状况和铁路运输矛盾基础上,应用SWOT技术对影响因素进行定性判断,形成战略体系后,通过所建立战略矩阵定位分析模型对各因素进行定量计算,给出战略重心、进行战略定位,从而明确在具体物流市场中所要采取的竞争战略类型。再次,通过建立模型对运输资源优化整合进行分析。对于运输资源的优化,主要是从集、疏、运三个环节进行布局优化整合研究。在货运站点布局方面,根据站点的发展形态,形成了布局优化次序,明确了不同情景下站点的优化方法,从单一品类货运站点选址、建设、整合优化,到多品类货运站建设优化,再到多服务功能的物流中心规划优化上,建立模型、进行研究；在运输组织优化方面,对于重载铁路运输组织着重分析了技术和经济要求、多组合站情况下的车流组织问题,建立模型、进行研究,对于普通和快捷货物列车开行,克服了以往所隐含车流无差异化假设和历史数据当前化假设的不足,从实时性车流差异化角度出发,考虑不同服务水平约束,建立模型、进行研究。最后,本文以广州铁路(集团)公司货运为例,对竞争战略和优化整合等问题进行了案例分析与实证研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 After years of rapid development, China became as the world’s second-largest economy. While, some features such unbalance, inharmonious and unsustainable have been appearing, which affected the railway transportation seriously. In recent years, the capacity of rail transportation increased, along with the increase of construction invest-ment. The imbalance between the supply and demand of rail capacity is no longer the main contradiction in railway transportation. As the marketization process, the competi-tion in logistics market among different transport mode will become more intense. It is worthful to research the railway freight transportation strategy under those backgrounds.Firstly, this dissertation studies the marketization and strategic environment of railway competition strategy. Right now, mandatory plan is still the leading means of railway transport management in China. The drawback of this means is inefficiency and high cost of information transmission and employee motivation. So, market-oriented reform needs to keep being promoted forward. The analyses of competition strategy of rail transportation include two parts. The first is strategic environment analysis, the SCP theory and industry organization theory is used to analyze the structure, behavior and performance of logistics market, which can be divided into three types according to the service quality and product value. At the same time, this dissertation will analyze the evaluation of rail transportation in those three types of logistics market, to identify the behavior of rail transportation companies.Then, competitive strategy orientation for rail transportation will be analyzed, based on the demand and supply investigation. The strategy system will be presented. The SWOT technology is used for qualitative analysis under this system. Then the core of the rail competitive strategy will be proposed, after the quantitative calculation of the factors in the strategy analysis model.Thirdly, this dissertation will focus on the transportation resource optimization through function or equation methods. For the layout of freight yards, some models will be presented based on a certain planning sequence. For example, the first one is a yard location model with single freight category, and then the model for multi-commodities yard location. For the transport organization optimization, the models and algorithms of heavy haul transportation, train formation plan optimization will be proposed. The model of heavy haul transportation considers its technical and economic requirements, and the traffic organization with multi-combination stations. The train formation plan model considers the difference among each traffic, and the service level constrains.At last, examples of Guangzhou Railway Group will be given to discuss problems of railway competitiveness in the market and transport resources optimization in detail, and verify all the models and algorithms.更多还原