【作者】 孙良峰；

【导师】 张树有；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 机械设计及理论， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 产品低碳设计是低碳经济驱动下的研究热点。本文在综述国内外相关研究现状的基础上,提出了面向低碳的产品结构再生设计与反馈方法。围绕产品结构多层建模与结构再生技术、设计过程中的碳排放量化反馈与结构方案评价技术展开研究,并在多个产品的结构设计过程中进行应用,验证了所提出的理论、方法及技术的可行性。全文的组织结构为：第一章：综述了产品低碳设计与产品结构设计关键技术相关方法的国内外研究现状,指出了当前产品低碳设计与产品结构设计的不足之处,提出了本文的主要研究工作和论文组织结构。第二章：构建了面向低碳设计的产品结构多层集成模型。分别从产品结构多个层面分析了通过优化各层结构来改善产品低碳性能的方法。研究了通过产品层的整体选材来改善产品的可回收性能；以模块细分及可重构表达来提高部件层结构的可重用性；以零件结构的再生来改善产品的制造、装配、拆卸等性能。建立了各层结构相应的模型,并构建了面向低碳设计的产品结构多层集成模型。第三章：基于构建的结构多层集成模型研究了产品结构再生设计技术。基于产品结构与材料关联模型,实现了产品回收策略的快速自动生成,提出了相应的产品整体选材算法。采用有向图运算法则描述模块重构操作过程,实现部件结构层的模块重构。通过结构的再生规则,实现零件层面的结构再生并提取再生关联碳排放信息。以实际设计问题为例阐述了结构再生设计的实现过程。第四章：研究了产品结构设计过程中的碳排放量化反馈技术。提出了产品结构与碳排放信息的映射方法,采用相对碳排放因子的方法实现了碳排放的量化。通过追踪基础零部件生命周期中各类碳排放关联信息,构建了企业的基础碳排放库。利用功能分解树映射结构,形成产品结构的分层递阶划分,并通过结构的逐层搭建及碳排放信息的逐层提取,至底向上地构建了产品的碳排放分层递阶表达,提出了产品结构设计过程中的碳排放反馈机制,实现了产品结构设计过程中的实时碳排放量化反馈。第五章：研究了基于泛逻辑推理的产品融合低碳性分析的结构方案评价技术。用功能与或树及匹配命题集的形式实现了产品结构方案的命题表达,并采用各独立匹配命题分别评价再整体集成的方法,细化了评价过程。将产品性能指标分为功能性评价指标及低碳性评价指标,以各独立匹配命题为单位,采用模糊综合评判的方法分别评估。利用泛逻辑学中建立的命题自相关性及互相关性对命题真值的影响模型,将两者有效的结合,同时充分考虑各独立方案之间的集成特性,运用复合命题的泛逻辑推理方法实现整体结构方案的评价。第六章：介绍了面向低碳的产品结构设计系统的开发及其在多机电产品设计中的应用,验证了所提理论、方法及技术的可行性与有效性。第七章：对全文研究成果进行了总结,并对今后研究工作进行了展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 Low-carbon design is a new topic of product design with the carbon emissions in its life cycle considered. Different measures can be taken in the design stage to reduce the carbon emission of products and this paper studies the method to realize product low-carbon design by structural design. The technologies and methodologies including multi-level modeling and product structure regenerative design technology, the quantitative feedback technology of carbon emissions in design processes and the scheme evaluation technology combined with low-carbon property are deeply studied. The theory and method are applied in the design processes of some complex products and the validity.and feasibility have been proved.The organization structure of the full thesis is as follows:Chapter1gives the reviews of product low-carbon design and product structural design.The shortage of present research for product low-carbon design and product structural design is proposed. Then the research content and architecture of the dissertation is presented.Chapter2proposes the method of constructing multilayer integrated model for product structure regenerative design. Product structure is an important factor which affects the carbon emissions in manufacture, assemble, and disassemble processes. Through the structure level classification designers can have a detail view of the whole structure, and appropriate choice for low-carbon can be made easily. Different ways to reduce the carbon emissions by optimizing the structure of each layer structure are analysed. An overall material selection technique is studied to make the product more recyclable, the thought of modular subdivision and rebuild is given out to improve the reusability of the components and the method of structure regenerateing for parts is studied to impove the disassemblability. Base on that the product multilayer integrated model is buit.Chapter3studies the product structure regenerative design technologies based on the multilayer integrated model. With the polychromatic graph relational model of product material and structure, the process to select material and generate the corresponding recycling strategy is carried out automatically. Then the algorithm for overall material selection for product based on polychromatic graph is given out. Using digraph and property list, the structure and attributes information of the product is expressed in a more fine level. Four basic rebuilding techniques are carried out based on the operational rules of digraph. With variation rules based on the structure variation units, connection structure variation unit and functional structure variation unit can be evolved respectively. Chapter4puts forward the method of quantitative feedback technology of carbon emissions in design processes. By analysing each structure unit and collecting the related information in its life cycle the carbon emissions can be mapped to the structure. With a novel method of evaluating the emissions factors relatively the carbon emission can be quantitatived. Basic components library of enterprises can be built by tracking the carbon emissions in life cycle of each part. Useing function-decomposition tree the basic components of products are divided hierarchically. Then the hierarchical expression for carbon emissions of complex products is constructed from bottom to top by constructing the structure and drawing the information of carbon emissions layer by layer. A feedback mechanism is given out for the quantitative feedback of carbon emissions in design processes.Chapter5studies the scheme evaluation technology combined with low-carbon property based on generalized logic analysis. AND/OR tree and matching proposition set are used to describe the design scheme of complex product. Independent matching proposition is evaluated respectively and then synthesized through which the evaluation process is detailed. Product performance indexes are divided into function correctness index and green rationality index and they are got with Fuzzy evaluation method for every independent matching proposition. Used the reasoning model integrated self-correlation and cross-correlation in generalized logic the two kinds of indexes are combined effectively. The overall evaluation value is calculated with the method of composite proposition generalized logic reasoning.Chapter6introduces the development of Structural Design for Low Carbon System and the application of theories and method in mechanical and electrical products. The cases study has proved the validity and feasibility of the proposed methods in this dissertation.Chapter7summarizes the dissertation and prospects the future research work.更多还原