【作者】 田悦芳；

【导师】 李锡龙；

【作者基本信息】 南开大学 ， 中国现当代文学， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 在中国现代文学史上,巴金是一位有重要影响的作家。目前,关于巴金小说思想意义的研究已经非常深入,但其形式研究还很不充分。论文以巴金自1929年至1949年间创作的小说为研究对象,重点分析巴金小说形式的特征、功能及其生成动因,并在此基础上探讨其在中国现代小说发展中的诗学意义。论文包括导论、正文和结语三个部分,其中正文部分共分五章。导论部分主要就课题的缘起和意义、研究历史与现状进行述评,并提出本论文的研究思路、方法、创新点和难点。第一章从语言角度进入巴金小说文本,具体讨论巴金小说的叙述语、对话和独语三种话语场景在前后期的变化。叙述语在早期有明显的焦灼情绪的渗入,后期则心理化色彩凸显,这种转变是巴金对小说话语形式的一次突围尝试。交互型对话、错位型对话和申述型对话等三种对话类型,在巴金前后期小说中的使用发生了变化,对话主体由双主体向单主体的过渡,与作家深层心理文化意识的变迁有关。巴金小说对不同独语方式的运用,鲜明地呈现出其小说语言的心理化倾向。虽然巴金小说的语言有时不够简洁精美,但其语言的想象力和情感色彩,为小说文本形式带来了独特意蕴,这是巴金小说语言对中国现代小说诗学的独特贡献。第二章从时空形式角度探讨巴金小说对时间与空间的处理方式。巴金小说以时间的当前化这种时间定位、时间跨度的变化和时序变形等叙事策略以及不同时间意象的时间隐喻方式构成了小说的时间形式,并以瞬间的共时呈现、空间性并置和空间意象的内在对峙等空间形式,共同凸显了人在现在时态中的“临界境遇”。同时,论文还从巴金的时空意识的衍变角度分析了巴金小说时空形式的生成原因。第三章主要研究了巴金小说的叙事样态及其对小说形式的影响。首先,巴金小说有着明显的询问的叙事姿态,不断地提出问题却迟迟没有答案,思索成为一种小说思维,延宕、争辩和游离是在形式化维度上的诗学表达。其次,巴金小说还有着主题复现和细节复现等重复叙事样态,它体现出作家对某些问题的持续思考,小说形式也因之具有了开放性、未完成性的特点。再次,巴金小说的心理化叙事表现为物象生命化、情感空间化和心态动作化,实现了对人物的心灵探索和读者的心理调控等双重心理建构。另外,论文还从总体上对文化心理变迁中的巴金小说叙事风貌进行了考察。第四章从主导性的故事形态出发,分析了巴金小说的反向离合结构、复向回旋结构、多向嵌套结构等三种结构方式。不同的结构方式是巴金小说故事要素或叙事单元间的形式化呈现,而这些形式架构中的“隐义”的生成,蕴含着作家巴金某些秘而不宣的核心质素存在,主要体现在叙事心理、文化立场和小说观念三个方面。另外,这三种结构方式,可以作为巴金小说形式的一种类型化概括,也是巴金对某种理想态小说文本形式的一种设想,还体现着巴金对小说形式发展的一种多层面、开放性的实验思路：在小说类型上,实现了多种小说类型因素的融合。第五章对巴金小说的交流情境进行了研究。在作者与文本的关系方面,巴金小说有着鲜明的追求情感真实性与多元化叙述的倾向,体现的是作家对现实经验与小说虚构之间进行边界弥合的努力,也是对小说表达形式的探索。在作者与读者的关系方面,巴金对普通读者的重视使巴金小说深具着交流的品格和特质,而巴金与批评家的关系中可以见出批评家的声音既砥砺了巴金的艺术探索,也呈现着巴金在艺术上独立、个人性的写作姿态。结语从小说形式发展的可能性角度,对巴金小说形式的诗学意义进行了衡估,并在中国现代小说诗学的视野中思考了巴金小说写作的文学史价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the history of modern Chinese literature, Ba Jin is a an important writer. Today theoretical study on thoughts originated from Ba Jin’s novels has dug in while the formal studies are far from enough. In this paper, we take Ba Jin’s novels from1929to1949as research objective and carry out study on Ba Jin’s novels regarding characteristics and causes and discusses its the significance of poetics in Chinese modern novel history. This paper consists of three parts:introduction, main text and conclusion. The main text is divided into five chapters.The introduction mainly focuses on the origin and the research significance of thesis, research history and current status are reviewed, and puts forward the research thinking, method, innovation point of this paper and relevant difficultiesThe first chapter discusses the text of Ba Jin’s novels from linguistic perspective, with focus on the narrative language of Ba Jin, dialogue and monologue change of three discourses at early and later phase of Ba Jin’s career as novelist. Narrative have obvious anxiety mood in the early infiltration, and later turn to the psychological movement. Therefore, this change is a breakthrough of Ba Jin discourse attempt. Interactive dialogue, dialogue and the dialogue type dislocation of three types of dialogue, changes in Ba Jin’s novel, dialogue consists of double subject transition to a single subject, related to changes in deep psychological culture consciousness of writers. Application of Ba Jin’s novels of different monologue mode, highlights the psychological color the novel language. Ba Jin novel language is not very simple and elegant, but its language imagination and emotion in Ba Jin’s novels, brought the unique implication for the novel text, this is Ba Jin’s unique contribution to poetics language in Chinese modern novels.’The second chapter discusses Ba Jin’s handling techniques of time and space. Ba Jin’s novels in the time of the deformation of the current location, the time span of the change and the timing of deformation of narrative strategy, and different time images constitute a novel form of time, presentation, when the spatial juxtaposition and space image in the confrontation of space form, common highlight "the critical situation" in the present tense. At the same time, the paper also analyzed the generating reasons of space-time form in Ba Jin’s novels from the angle of evolution of space-time consciousness in Ba Jin.The third chapter concentrates on three narrative patterns of Ba Jin’s novels. First of all, Ba Jin’s novels possesses obvious narrative characteristics of constantly asking questions but has no answer. delay, debate and free of dimensions of the poetic expression in the formalized dimension. Secondly, Ba Jin’s novels feature repeated narration theme reproduction and detail reproduction patterns. It reflects the writer continuous thinking of some problems, the novel also has the spirit of openness. Once again, the psychological narrative in Ba Jin’s novels showed images of life, emotion and mentality to action, psychological regulation on the spiritual exploration and readers realized dual psychological construction. In addition, the change of cultural psychology in the Ba Jin novel narrative style were investigated.The fourth chapter examines Bajin’s dominant story pattern, which can be divided into reverse clutch structure, complex convolution structure, multiple nested structure of three kinds of structure. Different structure styles are story elements, or narrative unit between formal presentation, and such forms of architecture in the "hidden meaning" generation, contains the core quality writer Ba Jin some keep secret, mainly reflected in three aspects of narrative psychology, cultural position and novel ideas. In addition, the structure of these three kinds of mode, can be used as a type of general Ba Jin novel form, an idea is Ba Jin on some ideal state novel textual forms, also embodies the Ba Jin of the novel form the development of a multi-level, open experimental ideas:in the novel type, realize the integration of a variety of the novel type of factors.The fifth chapter discusses communication context on Ba Jin’s novels. In terms of relations of author and text, Ba Jin’s novels are pursuing goals of emotional truthfulness and multidimensional narrative. In doing this, it demonstrates Ba jin’s efforts fo bridge the gap between realism experiments and fictional novels and it also serves trial for novel expression. When it comes to author and reader, Ba jin attachers importance to average reader and therefore his novel features communication. From Relations of Ba jin and critic, we can see that criticism forges the exploration process by Bajin, meanwhile, it also demonstrates the independent art style of his work.Conclusion,from the possible perspective of novel development, we carry out evaluation of novel poetic significance and reflect the literature history of Bajin’s novel in the perspective of china modern novel poetics.更多还原