【作者】 郭而郛；

【导师】 鞠美庭；

【作者基本信息】 南开大学 ， 环境管理与经济， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 工业文明是人类在历史的长河中重要的文明历程,人类在近现代取得的历史成就几乎全部来自于工业革命以后,人类通过利用大自然换取的丰富文明成果也无不依赖于工业化的发展。工业化是人类社会不断进步的必经之路,这也是世界各国普遍的共识。然而,对自然界长期无限度的开发利用造成了生态环境的严重破坏,西方发达国家率先在工业化的基础上采取了向生态化倾斜的发展战略,并取得了一定的成绩。中国作为世界上重要的发展中国家,在工业化的道路上有过漫长曲折的探索经历,在改革开放后实行的工业化战略取得了令人瞩目的成绩,但中国粗放型的发展方式给生态环境造成了巨大的压力,随着经济的不断发展,资源环境问题日益严峻,逐渐成为中国经济发展的最大的制约因素。如何解决资源环境与经济发展之间的突出矛盾,成为了中国在新世纪初期需要抉择的重要问题。天津是中国北方重要的工业和港口城市,在滨海新区被确立为国家重点试验区之后,天津的经济发展问题逐渐成为全国甚至世界关注的焦点。天津的工业基础雄厚、石油资源突出,在工业化发展的道路上,需要借助资源开发行业,发展重工业和制造业。工业优先发展的模式必然会增加生态环境影响,这与天津的生态城市发展目标构成了一个矛盾体,在天津这样一个工业城市实施城市工业生态化的尝试,对中国的经济方式转变具有重要意义。本文通过对可持续发展理论、工业化理论、生态文明理论,以及产业生态学理论主要观点及方法论的研究,分析了各个理论对于城市工业生态化发展的指导意义,探讨了城市工业生态化的理论基础。通过对产业生态学中物质流与能流分析、生态效率等方法的研究和借鉴,研究了城市工业生态化的评价工具。文章利用文献研究的方法,对英国、德国、日本三个发达国家进行了工业化及工业生态化发展的研究,发现他们虽然在工业生态化转型的发展历程和侧重点上有所不同,但相同的是,这些发达的工业化国家殊途同归的选择了摒弃了资源依赖型的粗放型传统重工业,通过技术进步,促进工业升级转型以减缓工业污染,减少物质、能源的投入,再实现工业生态化的目标。文章通过对中国工业化进程现状的研究,分析了中国现阶段重化工业发展战略面临的资源环境形势,并以此为依据,探讨了中国城市工业生态化的评价指标和具体指标的选取,并分析了中国城市工业生态化实施过程中及评价过程中面临的关键问题,提出了中国城市工业生态化的实施途径。在案例分析中,本文选择天津市作为城市工业生态化评价研究的案例,在研究天津市工业化进程和现状的基础上,对天津市工业系统的物质流与能流进行数据核算,分析了天津经济发展最为迅速的2000年至2010年10年间物质输入、输出,能源输入与输出的变化特征,对天津市10年间主要工业污染物及物质流能流指标间进行了相关性的分析；在物质流与能流分析结果的基础上,文章还利用DEA数据包络分析的框架模型,对天津市2000年至2010年的生态效率进行了评价,并将生态效率的变化趋势与主要工业污染物排放的变化趋势进行了对比和相关的研究,发现天津市的生态效率处于逐年提高的态势,但经济发展仍然依靠大量的物质输入与输出,而物质输入与输出的指标与主要污染物之间并没有建立有效的相关关系,说明天津市工业污染治理在有效性方面仍然局限在末端治理,没有建立工业化全过程的污染控制机制；对此,文章从宏观、中观、微观三个层次对天津市工业生态化发展提出了具体的解决措施和建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Industrial civilization is important procedure in the course of human civilization history. Almost the entire human achievements is made after industrial revolution. And achievements of civilization which is in exchange from human use of natural resources are all depend on the development of industrialization. Industrialization is the only way progress of human society, which is the world general consensus. However, for the unlimited long-term nature exploration and utilization of causing serious damage to the ecological environment, the western developed countries had taken the first on the basis of industrialization inclined to the ecological development strategy, and achieved certain results. China as the world’s most important developing countries, on the road to industrialization had a long and tortuous exploration experience, and also made remarkable achievements in reform and opening up the implementation of the industrialization strategy, but the extensive mode of development in China caused to the ecological environment tremendous pressure, with the continuous development of the economy, resources and environmental problems increasingly serious, has become the biggest constraint for China’s economic development. How to solve the prominent contradictions between the resource environment and economic development, become the important issue of choice in the beginning of the new century.Tianjin is an important industrial and port city in northern China, was established as the national focus of the Binhai New Area, Tianjin’s economic development has gradually become the focus of the country’s attention and even the world. Strong industrial base prominent oil resources, on the road of industrialized development, Tianjin needs resources development industry, the development of heavy industry and manufacturing. Giving priority to the development of the industrial mode will definitely increase the impact on ecological environment, which constitute a contradiction with the Tianjin eco-city development goals, in Tianjin, an industrial city implementation of the urban industrial ecology, of great significance to China’s economic transformation.In this paper, according to the study of the theory of sustainable development, industrialization theory, the theory of ecological civilization, and industrial ecology theory, the dissertation analyzed theoretical guiding significance for the development of the urban industrial ecology and explored the theoretical basis of the urban industrial ecology. On industrial ecology, material flow, energy flow analysis, eco-efficiency study, the dissertation learned to build tools for evaluation of the urban industrial ecology. Meanwhile, by the literature analysis method, the dissertation researched three developed countries of the United Kingdom, Germany and Japan, analyzed their industrialization and industrial development of ecological, found in the transformation of industrial ecology course of development and focus on difference. These developed industrialized countries have chosen the same thing to abandon the extensive traditional heavy industries of resource-dependent, through technological progress, promote industrial upgrading and restructuring in order to reduce industrial pollution, reducing material and energy inputs, and then to achieve the goal of industrial ecology. Through the study of China’s industrialization process and present situation, the dissertation discussed the special significance of the heavy chemical industry development strategy in China at this stage. According to China’s current resources and environment situation of the China’s urban eco-industrialization implementation, the article discussed China’s urban eco-industrialization evaluation approaches, and analyzed key factors of China’s urban eco-industrialization. In the case study, this paper select the Tianjin as urban industrial ecology evaluation study case, on the basis of the study of the process of industrialization and the developing status of Tianjin, the dissertation collected Tianjin industrial material flow and energy flow accounting data, analysis Tianjin2000to2010, in the most rapid economic development in10years of material input, output, energy input and output of changes in characteristics between Tianjin10years of major industrial pollutants and material flow can flow indicators correlation analysis. Base on the material flow and energy flow data, the article also make use of the DEA data envelopment analysis framework model, analyzed eco-efficiency in Tianjin from2000to2010, and eco-efficiency trends in the major industrial pollutant emissions trends and related research, and found that the Tianjin eco-efficiency is increasing year by year trend, but economic development still rely on a lot of material input and output, but the material input and output indicators and major pollutants had not even establish an effective relationship completely, Tianjin industrial pollution control effectiveness is still limited at the end of treatment, not established industrialized whole process of pollution control mechanisms. Moreover, the articles from the macro, meso, micro levels discussed Tianjin development of specific measures and recommendations of industrial ecology.更多还原