【作者】 黄庆原；

【导师】 张诚；

【作者基本信息】 南开大学 ， 世界经济， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 始自2005年,在台湾政府的M-Taiwan计划主导下,再加上英特尔公司(Intel)的全球WiMAX策略倡导(strategic initiative),台湾的4G产业政策一面倒地朝向WiMAX技术发展,台湾政府冀希打造台湾成为全球独特整合芯片设计、终端设备、基站与应用服务的WiMAX测试平台(testbed);国家通讯传播委员会(NCC)配合行政院所推动的M-Taiwan计划,将政策转化为法律,并于2007年发布《无线宽频接取业务管理规则》,做为开放2.5-2.69GHz频段提供无线宽带接入(WBA)业务之法源依据。然而台湾政府尽使可用之政策工具,全力扶植WiMAX产业的作法,也置台湾的信息与通信技术(ICT)产业于高风险的处境中。2008年全球金融海啸发生后,LTE技术后来居上,开始且广泛地商用化,尤其是美国无线运营商Verizon Wireless与AT&T Mobility,分别在2010年及2011年间,于北美地区推出LTE商用服务后,LTE在4G移动通信市场的主流地位,已是无可撼动。本论文以经济学与法学相关理论为基础,从移动通信技术演进、技术扩散、网络外部性,以及路径依赖等观点,研究探讨为何LTE标准能成为4G市场的主流技术；本论文亦从法律与经济学等层面分别检视台湾的4G产业政策,并深入评析M-Taiwan计划的执行,是否带来如台湾政府预期般的经济效益,台湾的ICT产业是否因此得以进行产业升级,以及WiMAX产品出口是否对台湾的整体经济带来直接的推升与助益。此外,因配合M-Taiwan计划所制定的《无线宽频接取业务管理规则》,在实务上对WBA运营商所造成的影响。台湾的4G产业政策,应该是从全球产业竞合的角度,来思考台湾能有怎样的切入点,尤其是电信行业具有典型的网络外部性特征,网络规模越大,消费者的效用也越大,在正回馈的作用下,最终只有一个主流技术能被全球电信市场所接受,形成赢者全拿的局面。台湾是一个以出口为导向的海岛型经济体,政府的产业政策应是以追随主流技术为首要,辅导本地厂商取得关键技术,以开发及生产产品满足客户需求为首要战略目标,在此大前提下,如是因政府扶植产业升级之战略需要,而进行某种新兴通信技术之策略投资,以台湾的产业结构、在国际标准化组织中的实质影响力、以及基本知识产权的拥有程度而论,实不可对单一通信技术押宝选用,否则一旦通信技术选用失误将对台湾整体产业带来巨大且深远的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Under the guidance of Taiwan government’s M-Taiwan project starting from2005, in addition to the influence by Intel’s global WiMAX strategic initiative, Taiwan’s4G industrial policy unilaterally inclined to the development of WiMAX technologies. Taiwan government hoped to build Taiwan as a WiMAX testbed unmatched in the world, in terms of integrated chip design, terminal equipment, base station, and applications. Taiwan’s National Communication Commission (NCC) formulated regulations in conformance with M-Taiwan project approved and promoted by Executive Yuan and announced "Wireless Broadband Access Business Regulation" in2007, which serves as the legal framework to release the2.5-2.69GHz spectrums for wireless broadband access services. However, Taiwan government exposed the ICT industries to high risks while exercising all policy measures available to unreservedly nurture WiMAX industry. After financial tsunami in2008, LTE technology surpassed WiMAX and has become widely commercialized. In particular, the deployment of LTE commercial services in North America by Verizon Wireless and AT&T Mobility in2010and2011respectively has helped cemented LTE’s unshakable dominance in4G mobile communication markets.Based on the economics and law theories, this dissertation exploits why LTE standard becomes the mainstream technology in the4G marketplace, from perspectives of mobile communication technology evolution, technology diffusion, network externality, and path dependence. Further, the dissertation scrutinizes Taiwan’s4G industrial policies, in light of law and economics respectively. In-depth analyses and reviews are proposed with respect to whether the implementation of M-Taiwan Initiative has resulted in economic benefits as expected by Taiwan government, whether the upgrade of Taiwan’s ICT industry has been realized, and whether the export of WiMAX products has propelled Taiwan’s economy as a whole. In addition, the impacts on the operations of Wireless Broadband Access (WBA) operators by the "Wireless Broadband Access Business Regulation" formulated in accordance with M-Taiwan Initiative have been examined as well. An ideal4G industrial policy should take into considerations of Taiwan’s tackle point from the global industry competition and cooperation perspective. Telecommunication industry possesses a typical characteristic of network externality. The larger the network scale is, the greater the consumer influence is. Under the positive and negative feedbacks, there will be a single mainstream technology only to be embraced and adopted by global telecommunication markets, leading to the scenario of "the winner takes it all." Taiwan as an export-oriented island economy, industrial policy should conform to mainstream technologies as the primary measure. Guiding domestic vendors to obtain critical technologies so that products meeting customer needs can be developed and produced becomes the government’s most important strategic objective. Hence, in cases of strategic investments on certain emerging communication technologies given the government’s strategic needs to foster industrial upgrade, betting on a single communication technology candidate with all resources may result in massive and profound consequences on Taiwan’s entire industries if proven to be faulty, considering Taiwan’s industrial structure, the substantial power in international standard organizations, and the extent of essential intellectual property ownership.更多还原