【作者】 刘慧；

【导师】 张静；

【作者基本信息】 南开大学 ， 马克思主义中国化， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 周恩来是我国社会主义现代化发展的重要奠基人,“四个现代化”构想是其经济现代化思想的集中体现。本文以“四个现代化”构想形成与发展的四个历史时期为切入点,分析周恩来在不同阶段对其所进行的思考与探索,以期更好地把握我国特色社会主义现代化建设。全文由导论、正文五章及结束语三大部分组成。导论部分主要阐述文章的选题背景、意义,评析了本课题的研究现状,阐明了论文的重点、难点、创新点以及主要的研究方法。第一章以1949-1954年为研究时段,主要探讨周恩来在国民经济恢复和社会主义工业化起步时期对现代化新目标的思考。他在领导国民经济恢复的过程中,充分肯定了农业、工业、交通等部门的作用,萌发了行业现代化思想。进入社会主义工业化起步阶段,过渡时期总路线的提出促使国家建设思路由单一工业化转变为工业化与现代化建设同步前进。保持稳定性与过渡性平衡发展的前提下,周恩来关于“四个现代化”构想雏形逐渐成型。第二章以1954-1959年为研究时段,主要探讨周恩来对现代化目标的调整。这一时期,世界局势相对稳定,第三次科技革命迅速发展,许多国家改进生产技术,提高劳动生产率,为了在激烈的竞争中获胜,纷纷增加了科研经费,促进科学技术突飞猛进的发展。我国在获得和平稳定的发展机遇之后,加速了社会主义工业化建设进程。周恩来积极思考适合我国国情的社会主义工业化建设速度和主要要求,为国民经济的稳定发展做出积极的贡献。为适应世界现代化发展潮流,将科学文化作为现代化建设的一个主要内容加以阐释,提出“经济建设和文化发展是一个车子两个轮子”、“科学是关系经济、国防和文化的决定性因素”的论断,充分肯定了科学文化在国民经济发展中的地位。基于此,科学文化现代化取代国防现代化成为现代化构想的主要内容之一,交通运输现代化合并到工业现代化,“四个现代化”构想雏形的内容至此发展成为“三个现代化”。第三章以1959-1963年为研究时段,主要阐述周恩来对“四个现代化”构想正式提出所进行的探索。调整国民经济的过程中,充分肯定了恢复和发展农业生产是一个中心环节,将农业机械化列为农业发展的首要任务,这是对农业现代化发展的一大突破。工业现代化发展这一时期重在解决管理方面的问题,通过试办工业托拉斯促进对工业管理现代化的提升,推动工业现代化的发展。关于科学文化的发展,将作为意识形态领域的文化与科学实施分离,科学技术作为一个整体列入现代化建设的主要行列。周恩来积极领导了科学技术发展纲要的制定,对其主要要求、实施途径以及发展重点等方面进行了积极的探索。受国际局势发展的影响,国防现代化回归现代化建设行列,周恩来强调要在自力更生的基础上实现尖端科学技术与国防工业的结合。在此基础上,周恩来将“四个现代化”作为我国现代化的发展目标正式提出,并提出了“两步骤”的发展步骤。第四章以1963-1975年为研究时段,主要探讨“文化大革命”时期周恩来对“四个现代化”构想的重申。“文化大革命”对国民经济发展造成很大冲击,周恩来在积极维护工农业生产连续性的同时,要求紧抓科学基础理论研究和科学实验,保护了我国科学技术现代化的发展。同时,狠抓航空工业产品质量问题,注重国防尖端发展,促进国防现代化发展。“文化大革命”特殊的历史背景下,周恩来冲破阻扰,在四届人大一次会议上重申“四个现代化”构想和“两步走”战略步骤,为中国人民指明了前进的道路。第五章主要分析了周恩来“四个现代化”战略思想的地位、意义及其贯穿的经济建设思想对中国特色社会主义现代化建设的重要启示,并着重分析了十八大提出的“新四化”同步发展及其与“四个现代化”的相互关系,意在说明“四个现代化”战略在我国社会主义现代化建设中的具有承前启后的历史作用。结束语部分展望了我国社会主义现代化的发展,指出生态文明建设是周恩来探索“四个现代化”过程中环境保护思想在新时期的发展,要正确处理生态环境与现代化建设的关系。同时要注意新时期农业现代化和工业现代化内容和途径的拓展,以此更好地推进中国特色社会主义现代化事业的发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Zhou Enlai is one of important founder for the development of China’s socialist modernization."the four modernizations" idea is embodied in its economic modernization thought. According to "the our modernizations" idea into four historical periods and the development as the breakthrough point, this paper will analysis of Zhou Enlai’s consideration and exploration at different stages in order to better grasp the construction of socialist modernization with Chinese characteristics.The introduction mainly elaborates the background and significance of this paper,commends the research status of this topic, expounds the emphasis, difficulties, innovations and the main research methods of the paper.This paper consists of an introduction, four chapters’body and the end of the fifth chapter.The first chapter based on the background in1949～1954, mainly discusses the new goal of modernization thinking from Zhou Enlai in the period of national economic recovery and socialist industrialization initialization.He fully affirmed the effect of agricultural, industrial, transportation and other sectors and germinate thought of industry modernization when he was leading the national economic recovery. Enter the socialist industrialization in the initial stage, the general line for the transition period is proposed to urge the national construction idea changed from single industrialization to the synchronous progress of industrialization and modernization. The four modernization idea from Zhou Enlai gradually formed as Maintaining stability and transition of balanced development a priority.The second chapter based on the background in1954～1959,mainly discusses Zhou Enlai’s adjustment of the modernization goal. During this period, the world situation is relatively stable, rapid development of the third revolution of science and technology, many countries advanced production technology, improved labor productivity to win in the fierce competition, have increased research funding to promote science and technology development.Our country accelerated the process of building a socialist industrialization when we have the development opportunities for peace and stability.Zhou Enlai actively explored the speed of construction of socialist industrialization suited to China’s national conditions and requirements, and made positive contribution to the stable development of the national economy. In order to adapt to the development trend of world modernization, he decided to take science and culture as main content of modernization to elaborate, put forward "economic construction and cultural development is a car with two wheels","science is the determinants in the relationship among economy, national defense and cultural ",fully affirmed the status of scientific culture in the development of the national economy. Based on this, modernization of science became one of the main contents instead of the modernization of national defense. the modernization of transportation merged into the modernization of industry which made "the four modernizations" concept thus became "the three modernizations".The third chapter based on the background1959～1963,mainly elaborates the exploration of Zhou Enlai’s "the four modernizations" idea after it was formally proposed.The adjustment process of the national economy fully affirmed the restoration and development of agricultural production is a central link.the mechanization of agriculture as the primary task of agricultural development which is a major breakthrough in the development of agricultural modernization. Industrial modernization is focused on solving management problems during this period, through the pilot industrial trusts to promote the modernization of industrial management.The development of science and culture serve as the implementation of separation between the ideological culture and science. Meanwhile integrated science and technology as a whole main line in the modernization of construction. Zhou Enlai actively leaded science and technology development program and positively explored the main requirements, ways of implementation and development of the key etc. Influenced by the development of the international situation, the modernization of national defense ranks regression, Zhou Enlai stressed the need to combine advanced science technology and industry of national defence, rely through one’s own efforts.On this basis, Zhou Enlai put forward "the four modernizations" as the goal of modernization development in China and proposed "the development two steps". The fourth chapter bases on the background of1963～1975, mainly discusses the reiteration of the "the four modernization" from Zhou Enlai in the "Cultural Revolution" period.The "Cultural Revolution" has a great impact on the development of the national economy. Zhou Enlai required to research on science basic theory and scientific experiments to protect the development of modern science and technology in china meanwhile active maintenance of industrial and agricultural production continuity. At the same time, he paid close attention to the aviation industry product quality problems, focusing on national defense development and promote the modernization of national defense development.Based on the "Cultural Revolution" unique historical background, Zhou Enlai broke through the obstruction and reiterated that "the four modernizations" idea and "two steps to walk" the strategic steps in the first session of the four National People’s Congress, pointed out the way forward for the Chinese people.The fifth chapter is the third part of the paper. It mainly analyzes the status,significance and the important enlightenment of Zhou Enlai strategic of "four modernizations idea" through economic construction thought to the construction of socialist modernization with Chinese characteristics, and focuses on the analysis of the "new four modernizations" synchronous development which was proposed by the18th CPC National Congress and the mutual relationship with the "four modernizations idea" to explain "the four modernizations" strategy has a historical transitional role in China’s socialist modernization construction.The last part looks forword to the development of socialist modernization in China, and points out that ecological civilization is the thought of ZhouEnlai development of environment. To correctly handle the relationship between the ecological civilization and the construction of modernization. At the same time, should be paid attention to the development of new period of agricultural modernization and the modernization of industry of the way and content, In order to better promote the development of socialist modernization with Chinese characteristics.更多还原