【作者】 刘晋；

【导师】 杨晓玲；

【作者基本信息】 南开大学 ， 马克思主义发展史， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 在市场经济条件下,工资是劳动者收入的主要形式,也是调节收入分配关系的重要目标,关乎民生大事。改革开放以来,我国经济社会发展取得巨大成就,然而伴随经济的增长而带来的收入分配不平等问题却十分突出,集中表现为劳动收入在国民收入分配中所占比重的下降,区域、行业、群体间收入差距的不断扩大。收入分配承载着人们对民生的期待,关系着改革发展全局的稳定与人民群众的切身利益,需要引起我们足够的重视。马克思工资理论是马克思政治经济学剩余价值理论的重要组成部分,该理论从无产阶级的立场出发,以消除社会两极分化、实现人的平等与全面的发展为其理论价值归宿,并对市场经济条件下工资的本质、变动及其与宏观经济运行的关系都做了深刻的阐释。因此,马克思的工资理论对于我国当前的工资与收入分配制度改革,乃至和谐劳动关系的构建都具有重要的理论与现实指导意义。论文以马克思工资理论的形成及其对于中国当前工资及收入分配问题的理论指导为主线,总体上运用辩证法,并具体运用比较分析、理论分析与历史研究相结合、定性分析与定量分析相结合等具体研究方法,从思想史的角度,系统、深入地研究和探讨了马克思工资理论的基本原理及其对于中国工资及收入分配制度改革的指导意义,对理论与实际相结合的问题作了较深入的探讨。文章主要是从三部分展开研究：第一部分是关于马克思工资理论历史渊源、基本内容及理论特征的研究。该部分通过对马克思工资理论的思想来源、主要内容及相关部分进行系统的考察,认识到马克思工资理论是马克思、恩格斯在批判地继承和发展古典政治经济学工资理论以及劳动价值理论的基础上发展起来的,并认为该理论与马克思政治经济学的其他理论一样,具有开放和不断发展的理论特点。本文在系统总结马克思工资理论确立过程的同时,也概括和分析了马克思工资理论的阶级性、历史性及科学性特征,为论文其他部分的分析奠定理论基础。第二部分通过进行马克思工资理论与西方经济学工资理论的比较研究,进一步展示了马克思工资理论所体现的唯物主义历史观和无产阶级立场。首先,对西方经济学工资理论的基本内涵进行理论考察。其次,将马克思工资理论与西方经济学工资理论从研究方法、研究目的以及理论基础等方面进行了比较,挖掘两大理论体系的不同之处,并找寻其相同点。进行比较的目的在于通过对比深化对马克思工资理论的认识,并突出马克思工资理论所具有的无产阶级立场和观点,同时工资的比较分析也强调了马克思工资理论的本质。第三部分是关于中国工资与收入分配制度现状的考察,并分析马克思工资理论对于当今中国工资与收入分配制度改革的指导意义。首先,结合中国经济的双重转轨,即由农业社会向工业社会、由计划经济体制向市场经济体制转轨的时代背景,考察在这期间工资制度以及收入分配制度的改革与变迁,分析在当今形势下工资及收入分配领域存在的弊端与问题。其次,从马克思工资理论出发论证其对于我国工资及收入分配制度改革所具有的独特的理论指导价值。第三部分的内容强调马克思工资理论的现实意义。文章的结论主要是：马克思剩余价值视角下的工资理论从无产阶级及人民大众的立场出发,以促进社会生产力发展及实现社会和谐公正为目标,对工资的本质、形式及变化进行了系统的阐述,该理论对社会主义市场经济条件下工资及收入分配制度的改革具有重要的理论和现实的指导意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Under the condition of market economy. Wage is the main form of labor income.It is an important target to adjust the income distribution relationship.For the labors, the wage is the main source of income for life, but also maintain the basic cost of living of labors and members of their families.It is most closely related to the interests of the labors.Since the reform and opening up, China’s economic and social development has made great achievements.However,Income distribution, economic growth and the inequality problem is very prominent.It is mainly manifested in the decline of labor income in the distribution of national income and the continual expand of income gap, regional, industry groups expand.Income distribution is bearing the weight of the people’s livelihood which people look forward to.Marx wage theory is an important part of Marx’s Political Economics.It starts from the stand of the proletariat,and eliminates the polarization of society, to realize the equality of human beings and all-round development as its theoretical value.It has given a explicit explanation of change and decision of wage under the market economy and its relationship with macro-economic operation.Consequently,for the China’s current wage, income distribution system reform and the construction of a harmonious labor relation, Marx’s wage theory has important theoretical and practical guiding significance.The formation of Marx’s wage theory and China’s current wage and income distribution theory is the main line in the thesis.Using dialectics in general and specific comparison analysis, combining theoretical analysis with historical research, combining qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis and other specific research methods.From the perspective of intellectual history,it has studied and discussed the basic principle of Marx’s wage theory and the guiding significance of the reform of the income distribution system for China’s wage,described the problems of integrating theory with practice.This article mainly launches the research from three parts:The first part is the research of Marx wage theory.It has made a investigation on Marx’s wage theory thought origin, the formation and establishment process, the main contents and characteristics,proves that Marx’s wage theory and other theories of Marxist political economics, is a continuous development of the theory;Marx and Engels critically inherit and develop the classical political economy theory and labor value theory of wages, it is developed on the basis of the theory.The relationship of the Marx’s wage theory and integral theory of surplus value is a beginning, it studies the basic connotation of Marx’s wage theory, carries on a summary on the theoretical characteristics and status.The second part is about Marx’s wage theory and comparative study of western economics theory of wages.First of all,it investigates the basic connotation of wages theory of western economics.Secondly,it compares Marx’s wage theory and salary theory from western economics research methods, research purpose and theoretical basis, dig the two large difference of theory system, and to find their similarities.The purpose is to hope that to deeper grasp Marx’s wage theory by contrast, and highlights its transcendence theory.The second part of the content emphasizes on the humanistic value of Marx’s wage theory.The third part is about the current situation of wage and income distribution system in China, and analyzes Marx’s wage theory for today’s China’s wage system reform and the reform of the income distribution system of guiding significance.First of all, based on double transition of Chinese economy, namely, from agricultural society to industrial society, from planned economy system to market economic system transition of era background, the investigation during the wage and income distribution system reform and change, and reveal the current situation of wage and income distribution field of disadvantages and problems.Secondly, from the perspective of Marx’s wage theory, analyzing the objectives, principles and direction of China’s reform of salary system, and the existing problems in the field of income distribution from the angle of the micro and macro policy recommendations are put forward.The third part of the content emphasis on the practical significance of Marx’s wage theory.The main conclusion of the article is:The wage theory under the perspective of Marx residual value from the position of the proletariat and masses of the people,to promote the development of social productive forces and achieve social harmony and justice as the goal,it make a systematic exposition of the nature of the wage、form and change,the theory has important theoretical and practical significance to the wage and income distribution system reform in socialism under the conditions of market economy.更多还原