【作者】 牛文浩；

【导师】 寇清杰；

【作者基本信息】 南开大学 ， 科学社会主义与国际共产主义运动， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 工业革命使人类的生产力有了突破性的进展。这一时期,人类实现了生产与科技完美的结合,物质产品因此得到了极大的丰富。但是,人类可持续发展的必要条件却受到了极大的损害,全球生态危机频繁爆发就是最好的证明。因此,人类应该重新反思自身的发展模式,并构建起能够实现人与自然协调发展的制度框架。正是在此背景下,在西方,从政治家到公众都要求人类在自身发展的同时要充分考虑到生态利益诉求,各种生态社会思潮也就应运而生了。在这其中,社会主义与生态相结合而形成的生态社会主义思想最为引人瞩目。生态社会主义将生态置于其研究的核心位置,以资本主义条件下人与自然间的矛盾冲突来反思数百年来在发展方式上存在的弊端,并在此基础上将社会主义与生态问题结合起来,这种创新性的整合方式从生态的角度指出了未来社会发展的方向,并迅速崛起为绿色学说中的代表性思潮。尽管它是应生态危机而产生的一种崭新的社会思潮,但它却整合了各政治思潮的主张,形成了具有鲜明特色的理论与实践,其内在合理性得到了西方民众的普遍赞赏。在我国,“生态文明”长期以来都是国家和人民普遍关心的问题。这是因为,我国改革开放以来所取得的经济成就,很大程度上是在自然资源极大消耗的前提下完成的,这突显了人与自然、经济可持续发展与资源能源之间的矛盾。因此,社会主义生态文明战略的提出充分反映了人与自然可持续发展的利益诉求。社会主义生态文明是反映我国生态状况和社会主义初级阶段的生态文明,是将人与自然协调发展作为出发点与落脚点的生态文明,是将经济的可持续发展与生态问题结合起来研究的生态文明。从社会主义生态文明的角度对生态社会主义进行深入的研究,不仅可以深化对生态问题的认识,而且对不断丰富和发展社会主义生态文明具有一定的借鉴意义。论文在唯物史观的指导下,将比较法与文献法、实证和规范研究法紧密结合,从社会主义生态文明视角的出发,一方面研究了社会主义生态文明与生态社会主义在概念、形成历史背景、理论渊源及其理论内涵等方面的关联。论文指出,生态社会主义与社会主义生态文明都是对生态危机加剧的反应,都是以某种文化为思想支撑,都以马克思恩格斯生态文明思想作为理论基础,都将民众的普遍参与作为解决生态危机的关键所在,都将人与自然关系看作是各自理论的研究核心,并都将未来社会定义为人与自然全面而自由发展的社会,等；另一方面,论文着重分析了二者在立足点、性质、解决生态危机的路径选择、依靠的政治力量等方面的差异,并指出了社会主义生态文明对生态社会主义的超越之处,进而对生态社会主义作出了全面评价。最后,论文探讨了生态社会主义对社会主义生态文明的有益启示。社会主义生态文明是立足于中国特色社会主义实际的理论,而生态社会主义是在西方政治经济发展现状的基础上构建的理论体系；社会主义生态文明指出只有推翻资本主义制度才能建立实现生态文明,而生态社会主义主张生态危机可以通过资本主义制度的自我完善予以实现；社会主义生态文明建设是以中国共产党领导下的人民群众作为依靠力量,而生态社会主义是由具有环境保护意识的广大中间阶层推动的。因此,这就证明了生态社会主义在理论与实践上存在着重大的缺陷,以及与科学社会主义的本质区别。社会主义生态文明所提出的低碳、循环经济、节约型社会、包容性增长等理念体现了对生态社会主义的超越,而对生态社会主义合理性及局限性的评价则有助于我们从中汲取政治、经济、文化、可持续发展方面的启示。更多还原

【Abstract】 Industry revolution make human being’s productivity achieves big progress. In this time, human being put produce and science together perfectly, and materials also became abundant. However, the necessary condition of human being’s development is ruined, which is the best prove of global crisis. Therefore, human beings should consider their development model again, and make relative regulation of keeping harmony between people and nature come true. Under the circumstance, in the west, from statesman to public request ecological benefit, different kinds of ecological social ideological trend is coming. Ecological socialism which put socialism and ecology together is outstanding. Although it’s coming from ecological crisis, it puts other political trend together effectively, and makes their own theory and practice; the inner rationality is praised by west public."Ecological civilization" is the focus of country and people in china. The reason is the economic achievements since reform and opening up is made under the circumstances of consuming nature sources, which shows the conflict between human being and nature、sustainable development and nature. Therefore, socialism ecological civilization shows the benefit request of human being and nature’s sustainable development. Socialism ecological civilization is the ecological civilization which shows our ecological condition and the primary stage of socialism, it take sustainable development between human being and nature as begin and end, it is the ecological civilization which put development and ecological issues together. The research from socialism ecological civilization not only can deepen the understanding of ecology issue, but also can make sense of developing socialism ecological civilization.Under the materialism, the paper put contrast and document method^practice and standard method together, take socialism ecological civilization research their connection from conception and background、theory sources and theory on the one hand; that is, they are reaction of ecological crisis, they are based on some cultures, they are based on Marxist ecological mind, they think capitalism as main reason, they think it is key of public involving to solve ecological crisis, they think it is unclear of relationship between people and nature, and they take future society as advanced society, etc. on the other hand, it researches the difference from researching points、nature、solving choices、 depending powers and so on, which point out surpassing of socialism ecological civilization to ecological socialism and make a whole evaluation of ecological socialism, finally make effective inspiration to socialism ecological civilization. That is, socialism ecological civilization is based on national conditions, ecological socialism is based on west political and economic conditions; socialism ecological civilization thinks, only overthrow capitalism can make ecological civilization come true, ecological socialism thinks, ecological crisis can make capitalism improvement solving; socialism ecological civilization; socialism ecological civilization construction is based on the communist party of china, ecological socialism is based on middle stratum who hold environmental protection idea. On the basis of it, socialism ecological civilization put forward ideas of low carbon、cycling economy、saving society、involving increasing and so on, which show the surpassing, and the objective appraising to ecological socialism will help us to get inspiration from politics、economy、culture、sustainable development points. In short, the research between ecological socialism and socialism ecological civilization is not only beneficial to compare their theory and practice, but also is the key to rich our ecological civilization, which has important meaning.更多还原