【作者】 罗洪；

【导师】 韩强；

【作者基本信息】 南开大学 ， 中国哲学， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 陆贽是著名的中兴宰相,主要活动于安史之乱后的唐德宗时期,其治国理念最为后人推崇。陆贽治国理念的核心是：在中央与藩镇,在皇帝为代表的王室与宰相为代表的政府之间,通过动态的调整,以保持集权与分权的相对平衡。集权与分权是中国政治哲学的重要研究范畴,集权与分权的关系也是一直受到人们关注的重要问题,我们以这一问题作为切入点来讨论陆贽丰富的治国理念,希望这一工作有助于当前学界对陆贽的研究。本文力求实现以下几个方面的创新。第一,运用政治哲学和历史哲学相结合的方法梳理从夏、商、周三代到秦汉,再到唐中期政治模式的演变与国家观念的演变,并且指出,儒家宣传的三代“大一统”带理想化的意义,实际上是对战国时期即将出现的,天下重新统一的憧憬,真正的“大一统”是秦汉缔造的中央集权郡县体制；第二,本文提出集权与分权的动态平衡是基于对中国历史的考察,春秋五霸、战国七雄随着秦的统一,结束了诸侯割据与争雄的局面,但是西汉初期仍然有“复六国”的争论和实践,直到汉武帝才真正确立了中央集权的体制。但是“诸侯割据”作为一种政治心态并没有消失,最明显的是唐代的藩镇割据,甚至在辛亥革命后,中国仍然出现了军阀混战的局面。中央与地方的关系,在中国政治哲学中是一个十分重要的问题。在中国历史上如何实现集权与分权动态平衡这种理想状态,是十分重要的,与此同时,在中国历史上实现集权与分权动态平衡这种理想状态又是相当困难的,既要给地方一定的自主权,又要保持中央集权,维护国家的统一,需要高明的政治艺术；第三,从集权与分权平衡的视角入手对陆贽治国理念进行挖掘和系统述评,我们认为“集权与分权的动态平衡”是陆贽治国理念的核心理念和治国目标。在本文中,我们从三个部分来讨论陆贽的治国理念。第一部分是分析陆贽治国理念产生的理论背景和政治历史背景,大一统国家观是陆贽治国理念产生的理论背景,藩镇格局是陆贽治国理念产生的政治历史背景,对这两个问题的讨论,可以加深我们对陆贽治国理念核心思想的理解,同时对这两个问题的讨论也成为全文地逻辑起点；第二部分是对陆贽治国理念主要内容的讨论,我们将从陆贽的国家观、君臣观和其对“权”的独特阐释三个方面来讨论这一问题,这一部分可以归纳为陆贽治国的“道”；第三个部分是陆贽治国理念在中唐治国实践中的开展,包括平叛、决策权、财权、人事权等基本权力在王室与政府、中央与藩镇之间的分配问题,这一部分涉及若干具体的制度,可以归纳为陆贽治国的“术”。这三个部分的具有较强的逻辑关联,第一部分是对陆贽治国理念产生的理论背景和社会历史背景的表述,第二部分是对陆贽治国理念总的表述,第三部分是对陆贽治国理念在治国实践中的分述,这三个部分的叠加,可以让我们对陆贽治国理念有一个比较全面的了解。更多还原

【Abstract】 Lu zhi was in the middle period of Tang Dynasty after the rebellion of An lu shan-Shi si Ming, He was the famous reviving Prime Minister, People respected the governing idea of Lu zhi, The core of Lu zhi governing philosophy is:In order to keep the relative balance between centralization and decentralization, The central Government needs dynamic adjustment, between the central Government and local military governor, the’royal family and the government. Centralization and decentralization are the important fields of study in the Chinese political philosophy, People has been paid close attention to the relationship between Centralization and decentralization, We take this matter as a starting point to discuss the governing philosophy of Lu Zhi, We hope that this work is helpful to the study of Lu zhi among the current academic circles.This paper seeks to achieve innovation in the following aspects:Firstly, we Use the method of philosophy and philosophy of history Carding the evolution of political pattern and the conception of state, from the Xia, Shang, Zhou,Qin Han to the middle period of Tang Dynasty, Moreover,we point out that the Confucian school gave publicity to the three generation "unification" With idealized colors, actually,They looked forward to the China unified In the Warring States period, We think that the real "unification" is the centralized system of province and county which was created by the Qin and Han Dynasties.Secondly, In this paper, we present that the dynamic balance of centralization and decentralization is based on Chinese history, The five powers in spring——Autumn period and the Seven Powers in Warring States were terminated by the Qin Dynasty. But the early Western Han Dynasty, there were still debate about" Restoring six Powers like Warring States ", Until the Han Wudi there really established the centralized mode. But the " feudal princes regimes " as a mentality did not disappear,(The most obvious is the military governorship in Tang Dynasty, Even after the Xin Hai Revolution, there was still a warlord confused fighting situation). The relationship between central and local governments is an important problem In the traditional politics of China, In Chinese history, It was very important about how to realize the balance relationship between centralization and decentralization, In other words, not only we need provade a certain autonomy for local government, But also must maintain centralization and safeguard national unity, It requires a high degree of political art. Thirdly,, We will systematicly comment governing philosophy of Lu zhi from the perspective about centralization and decentralization balance, The author thinks that the pursuing dynamic balance of centralization and decentralization is the core objective of Lu zhi governing philosophy.In this paper, We will discuss the Lu Zhi’s governing philosophy from three parts. The first part is the analysis for the theoretical background and the political——historical background of Lu zhi governing philosophy, The unified national view is the theoretical background of Lu zhi governing philosophy. Local pattern including Tang Dynasty military governor was the political——historical background of Lu zhi governing philosophy. We can deepen our understanding on the core idea of Lu zhi governing philosophy through discussion on these two issues, at the same time, it will become the logic starting point of the full text; The second part will discuss about Lu zhi governing philosophy.We will discuss this problem from three aspects of Lu Zhi which include the view of state, view of the relationship between monarch minister, a unique explanation on the "right". This part can be summed up as " Law" of Lu zhi governing philosophy. The third part is the practice of Lu zhi governing philosophy in the middle of the Tang Dynasty, It will refer to put down rebellions and those rights including financial, personnel right, decision right, we will discuss assignment of above-mentioned righters between the government and the royal family, the central government and localmilitary guvernmengt. This part relates to some specific system, it can be summarized as "skill of Lu zhi". These three parts are strongly logic relationship.The first, part is the formulation for the theoretical background and the political——historical background of Lu zhi governing philosophy; The second part will generally formulate about Lu zhi governing philosophy; The third part willi formulate about the practice of Lu zhi governing idea inseveral fields. These three parts are united,it can make us more comprehensive understanding for Lu zhi governing philosophy.更多还原