【作者】 王一波；

【导师】 沈立岩；

【作者基本信息】 南开大学 ， 中国语言文学， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 从电影发展之初到如今银幕上各种类型电影作品百花齐放,暴力一直伴随着电影的百年发展。随着时间的推移,时代的变迁,电影中的暴力出现频率越来越高,表达手法也越发多样化,暴力元素充斥在各种商业类型电影中,成为无处不在的表现主题之一,暴力充当着电影作品中最强劲的兴奋剂,刺激着观众的感官,裹挟观众的视听体验,进而成为电影商业化制造中不可或缺的重要元素。当鲜血淋漓、肢体横飞的景象弥漫银幕的同时,理论界对暴力影像的问题也有所关注,但是这些理论关注大多停留在确立概念、概念使用或历史阶段性梳理的方面,对于电影中的暴力在不同类型片中体现的功能并未进行较为全面的研究,而电影作为一种集体创作的商业产品,学者们大多也没有深入电影内部的创作机制中去具体分析暴力元素的使用和表现。与银幕上大肆泛滥的暴力影像比起来,理论界的研究论述略显苍白。另外,作为一种特殊的、构成叙事影片叙事框架的主要元素,“暴力”越来越多的出现在各种商业类型电影中,展现暴力行为成为当下影视作品中最重要的一种表现手法,暴力成为动作片、武侠片等类型电影涉及的主要题材,甚至一些标榜别的题材的影片也都以暴力作为实际内容。研究电影中的暴力的表现形式和功能意义,可以给观者在欣赏电影中的暴力情节、暴力场面时以正确的认识和指导,同时也有利于电影在创作过程中对暴力的表现程度做出合理的把握。特别是从中国内地电影产业的创作现状来看,商业电影作为中国电影走向世界的创作主流,如何把握传统文化精神在电影中的体现,怎样合理的控制暴力在电影中的表现形式和表达尺度,都成为需要探讨与解决的问题。我们也可以通过对其他国家、地区的一些有鲜明特点的类型片中的暴力元素的分析,以期获得一些创作上的提醒和理论上的借鉴。由此可见,对于“电影中的暴力”这一问题于理论研究上存在着很大尚待挖掘的空间,在电影创作和观众接受方面也有着重要的现实意义。所以,本篇论文将着眼点放置于涉及暴力元素较多的具体类型电影,分析电影中暴力存在的缘由,梳理暴力在电影发展过程中形影相随之发展历程,对暴力元素在不同类型片中的不同表现方式、存在意义和社会影响进行细致论述,归纳出暴力元素在某一种类型电影中所担负的共有功能。同时,深入电影的集体创作过程中,着重分析在不同分工的创作主体如何体现暴力元素,以及他们的工作综合起来对成片中的暴力展现产生什么样的影响,另外,以具体导演的具体电影作品为文本,分析在不同文化背景、社会环境下,电影中的暴力的展现手法和强弱的区别和特点。本篇论文试图从多个角度对电影中的暴力做一个较为允实和深层次的理论概括。在写作中,我综合运用了叙事学、精神分析学等相关电影理论评论方法,结合美学、社会学、心理学、人类学的相关理论,以期建构在宏观与微观上可以相互印证与补充的理论体系。通过探讨电影中的暴力存在价值和社会功能,以期扩展电影理论研究范围,进而尝试为时代变迁中的大众文化研究提供一定理论依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 From the beginning of the film development to the abundance of types of film work on the screen, violence has been accompanied by the century development of filmdom. With the elapse of time and changes of times, violence in the movie appears more and more frequently. Methods of expression become more and more diverse. Elements of violence are filled in a variety of commercials and become one of expressing topics everywhere. Violence acts as the strongest excitant in the film works, stimulates the senses of the audience and coerces the audience’s audio-visual experience, further becomes the indispensable element in the commercialization of movies. While the scenes of blood dripping and of body flying diffuse movie screen, the theorists also have concern on the issue of violent images, but most of these theories focus on establishing concept, the concept of using or combing historical stages, There is not overall research in the function that the violence in the movie reflect in different types, as the movie that a kind of collective creation of commercial products, most of the scholars did not go deep into the creation mechanism for concrete analysis of violence in films and internal elements of the use and performance. Compared to the violent images of the abuse in the movies, theoretical research enunciates slightly. In addition, as a kind of the main special elements constituting narrative film and narrative framework," violence " appeared in the films of different types of business increasingly, showing the violent behavior become one of the most important kind of expression of film and television works, violence become the main subject of action films, martial arts films and other types of films, and even that some advertise as other types of films take violence as the actual content too. Research in the form of violence and functional meaning in the films, can give the audience correct understanding and guidance in the appreciation of the violence in the movie, as well as to make reasonable assurance in the process of creation for violence. Especially viewing from the current situation of creation of the domestic film industry, commercial movies are as mainstream Chinese films which will go to the world, how to grasp the spirit of traditional culture reflected in the movie, how to control violence by reasonable form and expression of the scale in the film, has become a problem need to be discussed and solved. We can also analysis violent elements in a variety of genres through some of the other countries and regions which have distinct characteristics, in order to get some reminder on the creation and theoretical reference.Thus, there is space that remains to be mining for the question "the violence in the movie" in the theoretical research, also has the important practical significance in the film creation and audience take-up. Therefore, this paper will focus on specific types of movies with lots of critical force elements, analyze the cause of violence in films, comb the development history of the violence with the development process of film, detail different expressions of element of violence in different types, meaning of existence and social impact and induce common functions of violent elements in a particular type of film. At the same time, I will deepen process of collective creation, emphasize how to embody violent elements in the creation subject which has the different division of labor, and show what kind of impact of completed film as a result of working all together, in addition, as an example of the specific film of the specific director, analyze the difference and characteristics between display technique and strength under the different cultural background and social environment. This paper attempts to do a more fulfilling and deep-seated theoretical generalization to the violence of movie from multiple perspectives. In writing, I used the narrative, psychoanalysis and other related method of film theory review, combined the related theory of aesthetics, sociology, psychology and anthropology, in order to construct theoretical system that they can confirm and complement each other in macroscopic and microcosmic aspects. By discussing the existence value and social function of violence in the movie, further expand the research scope of film theory, and then try to provide certain theory basis for theoretical research of mass culture along with the change of the time.更多还原