【作者】 丁希莹；

【导师】 沈济黄；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 建筑设计及其理论， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 高速城市化的过程伴随着大规模的住宅建设,如何设计和建造出经济、舒适、美观,同时又节能、节地、节材的居住区,不仅是建筑师所共同追求的一个目标,更是迫切而重要的民生问题。数字技术进入建筑设计领域已有半个世纪,能够真正从方案设计的角度来辅助建筑创作的数字技术少之又少,此层面的研究国内外均处于初级探索阶段。本研究采用了国际上最新和最热门的人工智能辅助设计方法,设计-评价-再设计的智能型专家设计系统,并以行列式布局的单元式集合住宅组团为例,进行方案设计。首先,研究以居住单元位置与环境品质的影响因素之间的关系为出发点,入户调查取得的居民对环境喜好的特点和分类为组团布局优劣判定的数据标准,用面向对象的C++编程语言,多代理系统和生成式计算方法,随机型不完全的算法来模拟组团的布局设计,建立组团布局的数学模型和相关约束条件,编译出了一套组团平面自动化布局软件,实现了数字化模拟“人脑,,的布局设计过程。研究结果显示：该软件对于各类单元式组团自动化布局是可行、可控、可视的,布局过程是由下至上、逐渐收敛,生成的布局是相对较优的布局,总体满意度较高。其次,利用该软件,对布局设计的外部环境参数：容积率、地块比例、单元大小和比例,居民喜好分类以及组团类型参数做了大量的不同数值下的数字化布局分析。研究结果显示：a.在以多层、中高层和高层组团为例的布局设计中,数字化评价指标一总体满意度与各类型参数的数值之间的关系;b.为提高总体满意度,不同类型组团应采取的设计策略。最后,对用人工方法设计完成的组团布局实际案例,用数字化方法重新设计,在相同规划和评价条件下,比较分析两种方法设计出的布局的特点和优劣,研究结果显示：a.数字方法生成的布局的总体满度高于人工方法；b.在中心绿地布局、单元拼接方式、住宅楼与道路关系方面的设计策略。总之,论文中尝试提出的组团平面自动化布局的数字技术足一种真正意义上的计算机辅助建筑设计的新方法,体现了“以居住者为本”的设计宗旨,符合创建“节约型社会的基本国策,是人工智能技术在居住区布局设计领域的全新尝试。更多还原

【Abstract】 The high speed urbanization process brings massive constructions of residential buildings. It becomes not only the architects’ targets but also the urging and important livelihood problem that how to design and build low costing, comfortable, aesthetic as well as energy, land and material saving residential districts. Digital technology has entered architectural design region for about half a century, but there are always few digital technologies which can really assist the schematic design itself. Domestic and abroad studies are both in the beginning of their exploration.This paper has used the newest and most popular artificial intelligent design approach and design-evaluation-redesign expert system to do the schematic design of row house cluster of parallel layout.First of all, this paper has studied the relations between dwelling units’ locations and influence elements of environmental quality, setting the inhabitants’ environmental preferences and the classification as the layouts’ judgment standards which data come from a house-hold investigation. It has used object-oriented programming language C++, multi-agent system, generative and stochastic incomplete approaches to simulate the layout design and establish a mathematic model with corresponding restricted rules. It has also compiled a set of residential clusters’ automatic layout program and realized the simulation process of human brain’s layout design. The results show that:the automatic layout design process of row house cluster is manageable, controllable and visual. The layout process is bottom up converged and the emerged layout is the relatively best layout with high general satisfaction score.Secondly, this paper has analyzed the digital layout with deferent environmental parameters: plot ratio, site scale, size and ratio of dwelling unit, classification of inhabitants’ preferences and type of clusters. The results show that:a.the relations between general satisfactions and parameters in different types of clusters; b. the corresponding design strategies to improve the general satisfaction. At last, the layouts of real projects which were designed by the traditional approach have been redesigned by the digital approach under the same planning and evaluation conditions. The paper has compared and analyzed the two kinds of layouts, the results show that:a. the digital design approach can produce the layouts with high satisfaction; b. the related design strategies of central green land, the conjunction ways of dwelling units and the relations between residential building and surrounding roads.In brief, the digital technology of automatic layout design of residential clusters which has been presented in paper is a new and real computer aided architectural design. It shows the "inhabitant-oriented" design principal and "energy-saving society" national policy. It is a brand new attempt of artificial intelligence in layout design of residential districts.更多还原