【作者】 邓荣根；

【导师】 欧阳勋志；

【作者基本信息】 江西农业大学 ， 森林经理学， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 随着经济的发展和社会的进步,人们对环境质量的要求越来越高,希望所处的环境中除了有美好的视觉景观外,还应该有良好的听觉景观,特别对森林旅游的目的地森林声音环境有着更高的要求和期待,以满足人们听觉上的需求。森林环境中具有优美的声音环境,森林声音景观是森林环境的重要组成要素之一,是森林旅游的物质基础条件重要组成部分。森林声音景观的重要性和影响作用逐渐被人们所认识。本论文以自然环境状况良好的三爪仑国家森林公园为研究对象,在分析国内外声景观的研究基础上,通过运用声景观相关理论,采用现场调查和实地森林声景观的声音采集,对森林声景观的主观品质和自然客观品质进行分析。首先,根据现场调查和实地森林声景观的声音,对森林声景观进行分类分析。1.利用GIS信息库根据森林结构及空间格局分类,将森林声音景观资源分类为九类森林声景观。2.根据现场采集声音以A声级为量化指标分类分析,采用以A声级为量化指标定量计算,将森林声景观划分为7种。3.根据森林声音景观实地调查的分类共计,将森林声音景观资源分类为三大类,38小类森林声景观。4.根据森林声景观认知地图结果分为五大类。第二,森林声景观的主观品质分析方面1.以对森林声景观喜好度的主观品质为主进行调查,通过运用雷达图的分析、模糊聚类分析、系统聚类分析,变量聚类分析。将森林声音景观资源分类为五大类,森林声景观分析变量可分为三大类。2.影响森林声景观喜好度的主观品质因素研究方面,通过运用成分分析、因子分析、项目分析分析了林声景观喜好度项目合理性,提取影响森林声景观喜好度的两大主成分、两大主因子。3.对于影响森林声音景观感受的不确定性变量有：性别、年龄、职业、学历、性格、爱好等进行最优尺度分析。同时,交叉影响因子采用多重响应分析。4.对森林声景观进行了感知属性维度研究,提取两个感知属性维度及森林景观分类。5.森林声景观语义细分分析结果：森林声景观隐含的和外延的的意义为：(1)：森林景观具有宁静、自然、安静、漂亮、友好、高兴等隐含的和外延的的意义。(2)：森林景观具有纯、平滑、软、慢、亲近、非社交等隐含的和外延的的意义。第三,森林声景观的客观品质分析方面1.声景观的声音平稳性前提下的声音物理指标的分析选用竹林景观的声音作为分析对象,对采集的WAV声音文件,利用Audio、Goldwave等软件进行分析,绘制出多种类型的图形,如声音波形图、频谱图、振幅统计图、振幅直方图等。2.声景观的声音非平稳性特性的分析对采集的WAV声音文件,利用Origin8.5软件分析进行傅立叶变换分析、反向傅立叶变换分析、短时傅立叶变换分析、小波分析、希耳伯特变换分析、包络分析、抽频分析和小波分析。3.不同森林声景观声音的关系的分析采用了卷积分析、相干性和相关性分析,同时,利用Matlab2011b进行时域对比分析和频域对比分析。第四,森林声景观的保护与利用分析方面1.本论文选用竹林鸟鸣声为例,采用Wavesurfer软件初步分析,应用Praat软件进一步分析显示出有五种不同频率,以此可以通过分析森林声音的鸟鸣声得知鸟类多样性。通过森林声景观的声音三维剖面图,小波分析可进一步定位和放大分析。2.在综合利用方面探索将森林声景观中的声音,经过编辑分析后,用Widi4.1将森林景观中的原始声音转化为五线谱和MIDI谱,并可在电脑上播放。本论文从不同的角度分析森林声景观的类型和影响其品质因素,分析森林声景观的隐含的和外延的的意义。在森林声景观然品质方面对其平稳性的物理指标和非平稳性的特性进行了多种信号分析。尝试了由森林声景观到声乐再到音谱实现播放途径。更多还原

【Abstract】 Environmental quality is demand more high with the development of economy and society. People hope a good visual landscape outside and good hearing landscape. We have a higher requirements and expectations forest sound environment to meet the needs of the people on the hearing environment. Forest is the beautiful sound environment, and sound forest landscape is an important component of forest environmental factor. The importance and effect of landscape forest sound were gradually known by people. This paper researched and analysis acoustic landscape subjective quality and natural objective quality by investigation and field forest acoustic landscape voice acquisition in SanZhaoLun national forest park.The first, we analysis forest acoustic landscape classification base on field investigation and voice of forest acoustic landscape.1. We classify the forest landscape resources classification as nine categories of acoustic landscape forest by GIS information database base on the forest structure and spatial pattern classification,2. We classify the forest of acoustic landscape as seven base on the actural acquisition voice to A sound level for quantitative index classification analysis and base on A sound level for quantitative index quantitative calculation,.3. We classify the voice of forest landscape resources classified as three categories,38small class of acoustic landscape forest base on sound field survey of forest landscape of classification.4. We classify the forest of acoustic landscape cognitive map result classification as five categories.Second, forest acoustic landscape subjective quality analysis1. We classify the forest landscape resources classification as five categories, and forest acoustic landscape as three categories base on the forest of acoustic landscape of be fond of subjective quality by using radar map analysis, fuzzy clustering analysis, system cluster analysis, variable clustering analysis.2. We classify effect of acoustic landscape forest degree of be fond as the two big main composition, and two big main factor base the influence degree of be fond of acoustic landscape forest of subjective factor of quality research by the application of composition analysis, factor analysis, project analysis analyzed the degree of be fond of forest acoustic landscape project rationality.3. The uncertainty variables of influence voice forest landscape feeling are gender, age, occupation, education, personality, hobbies. We analysis the cross influence factor using multiple response.4. We research the forest acoustic landscape perception attribute dimension reach two perception attribute dimension and forest landscape classification.5. Forest acoustic landscape semantic segmentation analysis results:forest acoustic landscape connotative and denotative meaning are:(1) forest landscape with quiet, natural, quiet, beautiful, friendly, happy and connotative and denotative meaning.(2) forest landscape with pure, smooth, soft, slow, close, the social and connotative and denotative meaning.Third, the forest acoustic landscape objective quality analysis1. The analysis of voice premise of acoustic landscape of physical indexWe choose the sound of bamboo forest landscape as analysis object, and analysis, draw out various kinds of graphics, such as sound wave diagram, spectrum diagram, mplitude diagram, amplitude histogram of acquisition of wav Audio file using Audio, goldwave software.2. The analysis of voice of acoustic landscape of non-stationary characteristicsWe analysis wav sound file of Fourier transform, inverse Fourier transform, short time Fourier transform, wavelet, Hilbert transform, envelope, extraction frequency and wavelet by origin8.5software.3. We analysis the relationship of forest different acoustic landscape by convolution, coherence and correlation analysis and the time domain and frequency omain contrast by Matlab2011b.Fourth, the acoustic landscape forest conservation and utilization1. We carry out five different frequency of bamboo birdsong uses by wavesurfer preliminary and Praat, which can through the analysis of forest sound tweedle that bird diversity. The wavelet analysis can be further positioning and amplification analysis through the3D profile of forest acoustic landscape.2. We explore voice of forest landscape in comprehensive utilization and edit analysis with widi4.1, will the original voice of forest landscape into staff and MIDI spectrum, and can play on the computer.We analysis types of forest acoustic landscape and affect the quality factors, acoustic landscape forest the connotative and denotative meaning in the different perspective. We analysis the sound quality of the smoothness of physical index and smoothness characteristics of a variety of signal in forest landscape. Try to play the forest of acoustic landscape to vocal music to acoustic spectrum realization way.更多还原