【作者】 李铁柱；

【导师】 李光耀；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 车辆工程， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 汽车行业的飞速发展和保有量逐年递增,带来了严重的交通安全问题。在我国,微型客车作为主要汽车下乡车型,其保有量将近占总量的20%,研究微型客车的正碰安全性设计是非常有意义的。微型客车低端用户要求造成了低成本设计及制造,但同样要满足我国的正面碰撞乘员保护法规,微型客车的正面碰撞安全性设计难度较大。本文研究了以乘员约束能为核心指导汽车安全性设计的方法,以微型客车正面碰撞安全性设计为例,系统地研究了微型客车正面碰撞安全性开发的流程及乘员约束能与汽车总布置,车身和乘员约束系统设计之间的关系,为关键区域的设计及整车安全性目标的实现提供了可靠的保证,该方法同样可以扩展到其它车型,本文研究的主要内容和创新点如下：(1)提出了基于乘员约束能的微型客车正面碰撞安全性开发流程,该方法系统有效地指导了微型客车正面碰撞安全性的开发,确保了安全性目标的顺利实现,很大程度上实现了安全性的正向设计。(2)提出了基于乘员约束能的乘员舱和前舱空间设计方法,根据乘员约束能目标可以求出最大乘员相对位移和车体动态压溃,为概念阶段乘员舱和前舱空间的安全性设计提供了充分的依据。针对详细阶段的乘员舱安全性设计,本文将多学科协同优化设计方法应用到了乘员舱的设计中,实现了乘员舱安全性和乘坐舒适性的多性能并行设计,缩短了乘员舱安全性的开发周期。该方法在某款微型客车乘员舱的设计中获得了较好的应用。(3)提出了基于最小化乘员约束能反求车身目标碰撞波形的方法,有效地确定了车身碰撞波形的设计目标,为车身碰撞波形的概念设计提供了指导。同时,针对详细设计阶段的车身碰撞波形设计,提出了基于最小化乘员损伤的车身碰撞波形设计方法,为汽车车身耐撞性设计提供方向。针对某款微型客车车身碰撞波形的反求设计,改进后的实车碰撞结果验证了该方法的实用性。(4)提出了基于乘员胸部响应波形效率的胸部约束刚度设计方法,为前期乘员胸部约束刚度的概念设计提供了指导,也为前期确定约束系统配置提供了依据。同时,针对微型客车正面碰撞中乘员局部损伤指标对于约束系统参数波动敏感的问题,本文将基于稳健性的设计优化方法应用到了约束系统的参数设计中,实现了乘员损伤指标的稳健性设计。撕裂式安全带在某款微型客车上的成功应用验证了该方法的有效性。更多还原

【Abstract】 The rapid development of the automobile industry and the increasing of car ownership brought a serious traffic safety problem. In China, the minibus is the primary car to the countryside models. Its holdings accounts for nearly20%of the total, so the frontal crash safety design of minibuses are very meaningful. Low-end user requirements of the minibus caused the low-cost design and manufacturing, but also the minibus must meet our country’s frontal crash occupant protection regulations, therefore the minibus frontal crash safety design is very difficult.In this paper, the method of having the occupant restraint energy central to guide the vehicle safety design is studied, take the minibus crash safety design for example, vehicle frontal crash safety development processes and the relationship between the occupant restraint energy and vehicle packaging design, body design, occupant restraint system design is studied, and provide a reliable guarantee for both of the critical regions design and vehicle safety goals. The main content and innovation of this study are as follows:(1) The development process of the frontal crash safety based on the occupant restraint energy is proposed, the method systematically and effectively guide the minibus front crash safety development to ensure the smooth realization of the vehicle safety goals, to a large extent to achieve the forward design of vehicle safety.(2) The space design method of passenger compartment and front cabin based on the occupant restraint energy is proposed, based on the goals of occupant restraint energy, the max relative displacement of the occupant and vehicle dynamic crush can be determined, and provide the sufficient basis for the safety design of the passenger compartment and front cabin. For the safety design of the passenger compartment at detailed design stage, multidisciplinary collaborative optimization design method is applied to the design of the passenger compartment to realize the multi-performance parallel design of the passenger compartment safety and ride comfort, and to shorten the development cycle. The method is effectively applied to the passenger compartment design of the minibus.(3) The method to reverse vehicle crash pulse based on minimizing the occupant restraint energy is proposed to provide the feasible direction for the conceptual design of crash pulse. Also, for the improvement design of crash pulse at the detailed design phase, the method to design vehicle crash pulse based on minimizing the occupant injuries is proposed to provide the guidance for the vehicle crashworthiness design. The method is effectively applied to the crash pulse design of the minibus, and the engineering practicability is validated by the minibus impact test.(4) The method to design occupant’s chest restraint stiffness based on the chest response waveform efficient is proposed, and provides guidance for the conceptual design of the occupant chest restraint stiffness, and provides a basis to determine the configuration of the occupant restraint system. For the problem of occupant injury indexes sensitive restraint system parameter fluctuations, the robustness optimization design is applied to the parameters design of the restraint system, to achieve the robust Resign of the occupant injury indexes. The validity of the method is validated by successfully applying the fuse seatbelt to the minibus.更多还原