【作者】 李娟；

【导师】 侯欣一；

【作者基本信息】 南开大学 ， 社会学， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 在中国当下的司法队伍中,女性法官这一职业群体表现出了较为凸显的发展态势和影响力。从数量上看,女性法官职业群体的规模日益扩大,尤其在一线审判业务岗位上的女法官们更是表现出了较强的发展态势；从质量上看,伴随着优秀女法官们的层出不穷,女性法官们的法官职业化水平也日益受到了来自官方层面和民间层面的认可和支持。本篇论文以“中国女性法官职业群体”为研究对象,基于问卷调查、深度访谈和文献分析等研究方法,详细、客观、深入的研究和分析了中国女性法官职业群体的基本结构状况及其特点、性别差异和审判优势、功能作用、存在的问题及解决方案。本文的研究目的在于：一是为全面的认识和把握中国当下的女性法官职业群体的基本现状、性别差异和存在的问题等提供客观的实证支撑；二是为深刻的认识和把握中国当下的女性法官职业群体在中国司法审判过程中的地位、影响和作用提供理论指导；三是为全面、客观的优化和改进中国当下的女性法官职业群体乃至整个法官队伍奠定理论基础。本文的研究过程和研究结果如下：第一章为绪论部分,起到开篇引题的作用。主要介绍了本文的研究问题、研究价值、研究综述、研究思路、研究方法、研究创新以及研究中的难点和不足。第二章为基本理论部分,起到高屋建瓴之效。主要包括两个方面的内容。一是阐述了本文研究所立足的理论视角,即性别和性别差异理论、社会分工和法官职业理论、功能主义理论。二是界定了本文研究所涉及的基本概念,即法官、女性法官、中国女法官。为本文研究和分析中国女性法官职业群体奠定理论基础和概念基础。第三章主要介绍了笔者以问卷调查、深度访谈和互联网信息搜集为主要调查方法而进行的社会调研的基本概况,其目的在于证实本篇论文所依赖的实证资料的可信性和可供参考性。第四章至第七章是本文的主体部分。第四章和第五章都是基于依据问卷调查和深度访谈而得来的调研资料而对女性法官职业群体所进行的实证研究。这种研究既是基于调研资料对女性法官职业群体的现状(基本结构现状、性别差异)所进行的一种描述,又是基于基本理论对女性法官职业群体现状所进行的一种评价。这两章的主要作用在于：一是为科学的认识和把握女性法官职业群体提供实证支撑；二是为科学的改进女性法官职业群体提供认识论基础。具体而言：第四章侧重从宏观层面把握女性法官职业群体的基本现状：一方面介绍了女性法官职业群体的基本结构现状,涉及规模现状、质量现状、层级分布、年龄、受教育程度、婚姻结构、主审案件类型、男女法官性别比以及工资待遇等方面；另一方面又对这一基本结构现状所表现出来的特点进行了总结与分析,主要涉及到女性法官职业群体的规模、质量、性别结构和地区差异等方面。第五章侧重从微观层面把握女性法官职业群体所表现出来的性别差异,即用大量的笔墨介绍了女性法官职业群体在司法实践中所凸显出来带有女性性别特点的外部差异、内部差异和审判优势。具体而言,主要包含三个方面的内容：一是与男性法官相比,女性法官职业群体所具有的能够凸显女性性别特点的外部差异,主要涉及到积极和消极两个层面的差异；二是女性法官职业群体自身所凸显出来的内部差异和基本分类；三是女性法官职业群体在司法实践中凸现出来的审判优势。第六章则立足于中国即有的政治体制和司法体制,立足于中国社会的本土化社会结构和社会文化,从司法系统和法治系统两个层面,分别阐述了女性法官职业群体在中国司法实践中所具有的积极功能和消极功能。第七章主要分析和研究了中国女性法官职业群体所面临的问题以及解决方案。中国女性法官职业群体所面临的问题主要体现在工作角色与家庭角色冲突、在法院权力关系中的劣势地位、中国优秀女法官不合理的评价机制以及女法官们表现出来的消极性心理特征等四个方面。要想彻底解决这些问题,我们必须要抓住问题的本质,不仅要从内部管理制度和外部环境两个层面寻找解决问题的途径,而且还要对女性法官们进行分类管理和优化。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present, the female judges have showed more prominent development trend and influence in Chinese current judicial team. One the one hand, viewed as the perspective of quantity, on the basis of the official statistics about female judges, the size of Chinese female judges has been increasingly expanding, and especially, the female judges who worked at the grass-roots level trial positions have showed a stronger development momentum. On the other hand, viewed as the perspective of quality, with the endless emerge of excellent female judges, the female judges’s occupational level has received much recognition and support from both officials and the masses.On the basis of the research methods of questionnaire, depth interview and literature analysis, this dissertation takes " Chinese female judge occupation groups " as the research object, and makes the thorough and objective research on some important topics referring to this female occupation groups, including:basic structure status and its characteristics; gender differences and advantages of trial; function; existing problems and the solution.The purpose of this dissertation includes the following three points:firstly, to provide objective empirical support for a comprehensive understanding and grasp about the basic structure status and its characteristics, the gender differences and trial advantages and the existing problems of Chinese present female judges; secondly, to provide theoretical direction for grasping the important role and influence which Chinese female judges have played and effected during the China’s judicial trial process; thirdly, lay a theoretical foundation for comprehensively optimizing and reconstructing Chinese female judges and even the entire team of judges.The research process and results of this dissertation are as follows.The first chapter is the introduction part, leading the whole dissertation. This chapter mainly introduces the questions need to study, the research value, the literature review, the research method and the innovation, difficulties and insufficient of this research. The second chapter is the part of basic theory, which played a strategically situation in the whole dissertation. This chapter mainly includes the following two aspects. One side, this chapter elaborates the theoretical perspectives of this dissertation, including gender and gender difference theory, social division of labor theory, the judge professionalization theory and functionalist theory. The other side, this chapter defines the basic concepts which this dissertation refers to, including the judge, the Chinese judge and the Chinese female judge. This chapter will lay theoretical and conceptual foundation for the whole study on Chinese female judge occupation groups.The third chapter introduces the basic situation of social investigation for Chinese female judge occupation groups, including the questionnaire, depth interview and Internet information collection and survey. This chapter aimed to confirm the credibility and available for reference of the empirical data this paper rely on.The fourth to the seventh chapter are the main parts for this dissertation.On the basis of investigation questionnaire and depth interview for some typical Chinese female judges, both the fourth chapter and the fifth chapter make an empirical study on this occupation groups. These studies are not only a description for the current situation (basic structure status and its characteristics; gender differences and advantages of trial) of Chinese female judges based on the investigation data, but also a kind of evaluation for this occupation groups according to the basic theory. The effects of these two chapters mainly lie in two aspects:firstly, to provide empirical support for scientifically understanding and grasp the female judges; secondly, to provide epistemological foundation for comprehensively optimizing and reconstructing Chinese female judges.To be specific, the fourth chapter focuses on the basic situation of Chinese present female judges from the macro level. One hand, it introduces the basic structure of the female judges, referring to the current scale, quality status, level distribution, age, education level, marriage structure, the types of cases which this occupation groups are responsible for, gender structure and wages and so on. On the other hand, it summarizes and analyzes the characteristics reflected from the basic structure of the female judges, mainly related to the size, quality, gender structure and area differences and so on. The fifth chapter focuses on the gender differences of Chinese present female judges from the micro level. In other words, this chapter introduces the external gender differences, internal gender differences and trial advantages with the characteristics of the female gender in the judicial practice. It includes the following three points:firstly, compared with the male judges, it introduces external gender differences with the characteristics of the female gender for Chinese present female judges in the judicial practice, related to positive differences and negative differences; secondly, it introduces internal gender differences and basic classification for Chinese present female judges; thirdly, it introduces the advantages of trial emerged in the judicial practice for this occupation groups.On the basis of China’s existing political system and the judicial system and the localization of social structure and social culture,the sixth chapter illustrates the positive function and the negative function in the judicial practice of the female judges.The seventh chapter mainly analysis and studies on the existing problems and the solutions for Chinese present female judges. In sum, Chinese present female judges have been faced with four problems:the role conflict between family and work, the disadvantage position in the court power relations,unreasonable evaluation mechanism for Chinese excellent female judges and the negative psychological characteristics. In order to solve these problems, we must grasp the essence of the problem. We not only try to find the way to solve the problem by optimizing the internal management system and the external environment which female judges rely on, but also make an attempt to implement classified management and optimization for female judges.更多还原