【作者】 张宝梅；

【导师】 沈汉；

【作者基本信息】 南京大学 ， 世界史， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 17世纪的英国革命,是英国历史和世界历史上的一件重大事件。而自从1642年的内战爆发以来,英国各郡都卷入到内战的大浪潮当中。对于汉普郡来说,由于它拥有许多有利的战略条件,它成为内战时期议会和国王之间争夺最激烈的地方郡之一。它拥有古代王朝的首都—温切斯特,并拥有了海军基地朴次茅斯和南安普敦等港口城市。因此,哪一方控制了它,就意味着哪一方在冲突中占据了主导地位。本文主要阐述汉普郡的内战史的整个过程,试图在阐述过程中总结出它所具有的独特特点来。全文共分五章。第一章主要阐述内战爆发前夕汉普郡的总体概况。在经济上,与中世纪相比,17世纪早期的汉普郡经济发展速度不是很快,它呈现出多样化的特点。农业仍然保持传统的农业耕作模式；在工商业领域,主要工业部门呢绒业已经衰落,其它行业则有一定程度上的发展,对外贸易衰落,内陆的集市贸易得到发展。在政治上,汉普郡的政治和社会结构呈现出复杂性的特点,在汉普郡,一些城镇享有自治权,但它仍是一个统一的行政单位。在文化上,出现了一些新的景象。清教运动出现并得到了拓展；乡绅出现了资产阶级化的思想；民众反王室倾向加强。第二章主要阐述了在内战开始阶段的汉普郡的总体格局。在汉普郡,形成了保王党和议会党。保王党人以温切斯特的候爵约翰·保利特为首,议会党人则以威廉·沃勒将军为首。他们公开宣称所支持的一方。议会党控制了海军丛地朴次茅斯和怀特岛,取得了初步的胜利。第三章主要研究了在内战交织阶段汉普郡的内战发展总体状况。议会军和王军对汉普郡的许多具有战略地位的地区展开争夺。在这一阶段,由于各种因素,议会军暂时受挫。温切斯特不时易主。议会军二次围攻贝辛府邸失败。而由议会所控制的南安普敦和怀特岛也受到王党的威胁。第四章主要阐述在内战转折阶段汉普郡内战形势的变化。议会军取得了切里顿战役的决定性胜利,从防御转为进攻。克伦威尔和新模范军的出现,使得在汉普郡的王军势力几乎尽失,温切斯特和贝辛府邸最终投降给议会。同时,在这个时期,由于战争带来了沉重的负担,出现了“棒民”运动。第五章主要考察了内战结束阶段汉普郡的形势变化。当第一次内战结束时,在汉普郡已经没有爆发更大的政治冲突。然而,当国王查理一世在在1647年叛逃到怀特岛时,这时国内的主要政治焦点转移到汉普郡的怀特岛。支持他的保王党人曾多次计划营救他的阴谋都被议会所识破,最终国王查理一世的逃跑计划都失败,并被送上断头台。同时,内战对汉普郡产生了很大的影响。结语是对汉普郡的内战史进行总结。在内战时期,汉普郡成为双方激烈争夺的目标。但是在当地并没有形成一个具有极强凝聚力的政治派别。这样,在汉普郡就难以形成一个非常团结的团体,同时,在如此激烈争夺状态下的汉普郡,中立主义显得非常薄弱。更多还原

【Abstract】 The English Revolution in Seventeenth-Century was an important event in the English History and the World history. Since the Civil War in1642broke out, all the shires were entangled with the tide of the civil war. For the county of Hampshire, because it had so many advantageous tactic conditions, it became one of the drastic counties which were contested between the parliament and the king. It had the ancient capital-Winchester, the naval base-Portsmouth, the seaport city-Southampton. Therefore, who controled it means who would take up the dominant status.The dissertation focuses on the development of the local politics in Hampshire during the period of the civil war. Then try to sum up its characteristics. The whole dissertation consists of five main parts., plus a preface and a conclusion part.The first chapter mainly deals with the overall conditions in Hampshire before the civil war. In its economy, comparing with that in the middle ages, the economy of Hampshire did not have further developments. It took on divers of characteristics. In the agriculture, it still held the traditional agricultural farming pattern. In the industry and trade, its main department-the cloth industry had declined. And other industries had some developments to some sense. In Hampshire, the foreign trade have declined. But the market trade in mainland developed. In the politics, the political and social structure took on complicated conditions. In Hampshire, some cities and towns had its autonomy. However, it still was an uniform administration unit. In culture, there were some new visions to appear. The move of Puritanism appeared and developed. There was some bourgeois thoughts among the gentry. The incline aginst the royal in the people strengthened.The second chapter mainly deals with the overall conditions of the civil war in Hampshire on the beginning of the civil war. In Hampshire, the royalists and the parliamentarians had formed. For the royalists in Hampshire, the Marquis of Winchester-John Paulet was the leader. And for the parliamentarians, the Captain William Waller took the lead. They openly were in favour of the side that they wanted. The parliament controlled the naval base-Portsmouth and the Isle of Wight. The Parliament got the elementary victories.The third chapter mainly deals with the overall conditions of the civil war in Hampshire at the drastic phase of the civil war. The parliamentary army and the royal army comtested for the many tactical parts. In this phase, because of all kinds of factors, the parliament met with the frustration temporarily. Winchester was occupied by the parliamental army and the royal army in turn. The parliamental army besieged the Basing House for two times. And it failed. Southampton and the Isle of Wight that the parliament controlled at first were imperiled.The fourth chapter mainly deals with the position of the civil war in Hampshire during the transitional phase changed. The parliament got the decisive victories. The parliamental army won the Cheriton Fight. They changed to the position of attacking. The forming of the New Model Army made the royal army fail thoroughly. Winchester and Basing House surrendered to the Parliament at last. At the same time, because the war brought the heavy burden, the clubmen move came forth.The fifth chapter mainly deals with the change of the position in Hampshire at the end of the civil war. The Parliament won the last victory of the civil war. When the first civil war ended, there was no bigger political conflict to break out in Hampshire. However, When the King Charles I escaped to the Isle of Wight in1647, the main political crisis in England had shifted to the Isle of Wight. The royalists who favoured the king once planned to rescue him so many times. But they failed.Finally, the plan of escaping for the King had failed. And he was killed at last. And the civil war brought so much influences to it.The last is the conclusion. It sums up the civil war in Hampshire in the English Revolution. During the civil war, the county of Hampshire became the drastic target that was contested between two sides. However, it did not form the strong and cohesive community. So, it was difficult to form very unitive community in Hampshire. At the same time, the neutralism appeared very weak in Hampshire that was contested by both sides.更多还原