【作者】 邓晓梅；

【导师】 陈友华；

【作者基本信息】 南京大学 ， 社会学， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 异地联姻是夫妻双方来自不同的县、市、省甚至国家而形成的跨地区通婚,婚姻移民就是因为异地联姻而发生了迁移的人员。本文涉及的婚姻迁移主要是一方从农村向异地农村的迁移,且夫妻中只有一方发生了迁移,移居到其配偶生活的社区定居。本文的社会适应是广泛的概念,分为狭义的社会适应和社会融合两个阶段,前者是初级阶段,后者是适应的高级阶段和最终目的。本研究在苏南农村实地调查的基础上,以“社会适应”为研究主题,以社会融合为基本理论取向,以社会变迁为主要视角,结合整体社会结构变迁来分析吴江农村婚姻移民社会适应的状况和特征,并考察在各种社会结构的变迁下婚姻移民迁移方式、异地联姻模式、社会适应的状况以及其时代变迁。研究发现,与普通劳动力移民相比,由于分散居住在本地家庭之中,在社会适应的初级阶段,个人将面临更多的适应问题,作为在经济、政治权利和心理上均处于弱势地位的婚姻移民需要更多地改变自己来主动适应当地社会,但是从长远来看通婚有利于实现外来人口与当地社会的融合,绝大多数人适应与融入本地社会的动力较强,并以家庭融和的方式实现对当地社会的适应。在社会适应的高级阶段,婚姻移民与本地居民之间和谐相处是主流,不过,由于存在户籍制度、社会交往和心理上的排斥,社会融合还未完全实现,婚姻移民的外地人身份和社会性别身份是影响其社会融合的双重障碍。促进其社会融合最为关键的是打破造成本地与外地人获得资源分配机会不对等的以户籍制度为核心的制度障碍,其次是在家庭矛盾和家庭纠纷中外地人尤其是外地媳妇要得到正式组织的必要支持和公平对待。对于非自愿迁移现象来说,打击拐卖妇女的违法行为也是至关重要的。研究还发现,随着婚姻移民迁移模式、择偶模式、联姻方式和当地社会环境的变化,异地联姻从当地婚姻行为中的一种边缘现象逐渐成为一种主流现象.不管是初级适应还是高级阶段的融合状况,婚姻移民的社会适应状况都越来越好。更多还原

【Abstract】 Corss-domain marriage is an kind of intermarriage between persons who are from different counties, cities and provinces, even different countries, thus marriage immigration is the immigrants because of married to a man who is in other domain. The migration in this paper means removing form one rural domain to others.And in this kind of Corss-domain marriage, one partner of the couple moved to the community which his/her spouse belongs to. This study is based on the overall social environment of the South region of Jiangsu Province and its the social change. In this study,I used the methods of fieldwork and questionnaire survey.In this paper,I analyzed the social adaptation of marriage immigrants who migrate to Wujiang rural area combined with the changes of population structure, economic structure, family structure and gender difference using the theory about "social integration" and the analysis perspectives of "social change". I also studied the changes of the pattern of the marriage, the characters of the immigration process and the social adaptation of the marriage immigrants.As scattered among the local families, marriage immigrants, being compared with local ordinary labor migration, will face more adjustment problems in the initial stage of adaptation at the beginning of marriage. They, those are in weak position in terms of economic, political rights and physiological status, need more changes to make themselves adapt to local society. From the long prospective, intermarry is a good way that enhances the integration of foreign population and the local community. Most foreign people have a strong driving force to adapt to and integrate into the local community and finish integration in this way that from family cohesion to adapt to local society. Because of the existence of household registration system, culture and gender exclusion, marriage immigrants whose foreigner status and gender identity are still the double barrier which affect their social integration. With the change of local population structure, family structure and economic structure, allochthonous intermarriage has become a mainstream phenomenon from a marginal phenomenon in the behavior of the local marriage. The interests of consistency between local and migrant are strengthening gradually, on one side, the two sides are also enhancing their reasonable cooperation and interaction in the same time, and on the other hand this interaction leads to a more and better social integration of both sides finally.更多还原