【作者】 李旭辉；

【导师】 李刚炎；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 工业工程， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 城市生活垃圾处理及其处理质量是涉及社会和民生、亟待解决的重大工程问题,而面向系统与全局观念的处理模式则是问题解决的瓶颈。论文立足于垃圾系统处理综合效能最优——处理效率高、环境特性好、经济价值佳和社会效益优,提出了一种将垃圾从产生到最终无害化处理流程分为“预处理(收集)——中处理(中转)——终处理”三个梯度层次的城市生活垃圾梯次处理模式,研究垃圾处理过程各要素之间的关联性和约束性,实现垃圾处理全过程各个层次的一体化设计；主要研究梯次模式的概念、主要处理环节的关联性和规划布局方法等问题。论文的主要研究工作如下：(1)在对城市生活垃圾处理技术现状及其发展趋势进行深入调研的基础上,综合分析目前国内外城市生活垃圾处理模式以及城市生活垃圾处理站(场)建设的影响要素,通过比较分析,提出城市生活垃圾梯次处理模式的概念及其三种基本形式,从技术关联性的角度提出实现生活垃圾梯次处理模式的若干关键技术。(2)为分析梯次处理模式层次间的关联性,建立城市生活垃圾梯次处理模式的QFD瀑布式分解模型,构建生活垃圾处理设施规划质量屋；以层次分析法进行求解和技术评估,实现顾客需求向技术需求的转化；从工艺的角度,进行基于一体化设计的梯次处理模式关联参数分析,推导出基于工艺约束的站(场)优化配置的计算公式,可作为生活垃圾站、场设计功能需求分析及优化配置的依据。(3)通过对生活垃圾中转处理站工艺流程的分析,面向城市生活垃圾梯次处理模式,以“占地面积最小、工艺流程合理、建设成本最低”为目标,建立基于流程动态分析和活动相关性分析法的中转处理站内规划布局的数学模型,运用遗传算法和Matlab平台进行求解和仿真,并给出了工程实例验证。(4)为解决城市生活垃圾梯次处理模式下各级站点的选址问题,运用改进重心法,提出生活垃圾梯次处理中地埋站的选址方法；建立中转处理站选址的缓冲区模型以确定其选址范围;基于城市生活垃圾梯次处理站点的一体化设计思路,建立垃圾整体收运处理系统的鲍摩-瓦尔夫模型；采用多目标规划方法,提出综合考虑技术、经济、环境等约束的中转处理站的优化选址模型。最后,以两个不同规模的城市为案例,建立选址模型,运用Lingo进行编程和求解,可得出这两个城市应该选择的梯次处理模式的具体形式及其建设基本成本。更多还原

【Abstract】 Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) disposal and its quality are urgent engineering issues related to society and people’s livelihoods. The bottleneck of the issues is how to build a disposal pattern oriented towards the system and global concept. With the object of optimum comprehensive effectiveness of MSW disposal-being highly efficient, environmental friendly, economical and social favorable, the echelon pattern of MSW disposal waste was proposed, which divided the process from the MSW production to the final harmless treatment into three gradient echelons " preprocessing (collecting)-processing (transiting)-final disposing". The relationship and constraint between the various elements of MSW disposal process had been studied to realize the integration design of each level in the whole process of MSW disposal. The concept of echelon pattern, the relevance of the main processing links’ and layout method were the principal researches. The main research work was as follows:(1) Based on the extensive investigation of the status and trend of MSW disposal technology, the influencing factors of advanced MSW disposal mode from cities domestic and overseas and MSW disposal station (field) construction were comprehensively analyzed. The concept and three basic forms of the echelon pattern of Municipal Solid Waste disposal were proposed through comparative analysis. Some key technologies for the echelon pattern of MSW disposal were proposed from the perspective of technical relevance.(2) To analyze the relevance among the echelon patterns of MSW disposal, the QFD (Quality Function Deployment) waterfall decomposition model of Municipal Solid Wastes’ echelon disposal patterns was established based on the QFD theory and the House of Quality for the solid wastes’ disposal facilities was built. Analytic hierarchy process was used to solve and to make technology assessment, realizing the transformation from the customer needs to technical requirements. With the analysis of the correlation parameters of the integrated echelon disposal patterns from the technological viewpoint, the formula to optimize the planning of stations restricted by the crafts was deduced. Thus the basis for the analysis and optimized design of the solid waste transfer stations was provided. (3) By analyzing the process of the solid waste transfer stations, the mathematical model of the layout planning was established based on dynamic process analysis and activity correlation analysis, catering to echelon disposal patterns and regarding "the smallest footprint, the reasonable process flow and the lowest construction cost" as customer demands. This model was verified with engineering instances by using the method of Genetic Algorithm and Matlab simulation.(4) To solve the problem of site selection of MSW disposal stations (field), the problem of underground disposal station location was solved using the improved centroid method. The buffer model of stations’location was built to determine the location range of transfer station. The Baumol-Wolfe model of the whole garbage disposal system was built based on the integrated echelon disposal patterns. By adopting the method of multiple-objective programming, the optimized model of site selection was provided with an overall consideration of technique, economic, and environment.Finally,two different scale cities as examples were taken to illustrate the optimization of the planning method of stations’location based on the echelon patterns. Using Lingo, the echelon pattern’s concrete form for the two cities and their construction cost were obtained.更多还原