【作者】 刘玉海；

【导师】 尹成；

【作者基本信息】 西南石油大学 ， 地球探测与信息技术， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 当前可控震源以其自身的优势成为主要的激发震源,当前石油勘探领域形成可控震源和炸药震源共存的一种局面。现实要求,有可能对同一种区块不同震源的地震资料进行联合处理。联合处理要求首先将两种不同震源勘探的地震资料进行闭合。理想的可控震源自相关子波是零相位子波,直接对这两种震源资料进行闭合处理会存在闭合差。闭合差的存在是由于两种不同的震源子波相位不同引起的。为解决可控震源和炸药震源子波之间的相位差异,本论文实现了将可控震源零相位子波转化为炸药震源最小相位子波。对可控震源相关子波进行相位转换,本论文提出了三种相位转换的方法,并进行了详细的讨论。实验和实际资料闭合处理后认为,三种相位转换方法虽然一定程度上都能够达到理想的效果,但使用相位滤波器法转换最为精确,只要对相位转换因子振荡得到很好的控制,转换结果就比较准确。它的原理比较容易理解,具体实现也比较简单。对于不同震源闭合时影响闭合差的振幅差异,本论文对两种不同的震源进行振幅一致性处理,具体采用谱分解技术实现。影响不同震源资料闭合的因素中,不同子波的相位差是最重要的因素。而影响不同子波相位差的原因有很多。在消除相位差的过程中,影响最大的是可控震源的相关噪声。可控震源的相关噪声直接影响到两种不同的地震资料闭合处理的精度。为对相关记录中相关子波噪声进行有效地压制,减少对不同震源资料进行闭合时闭合差的影响,本论文对可控震源线性扫描信号进行了锥化处理。实际的情况下,可控震源扫描信号在下传的过程中会存在衰减,衰减后的扫描信号相关子波不再是零相位的。在这种情况下,尽管已经进行过相位转换,但是将地震资料进行闭合处理时,会存在剩余闭合差。这种原因主要是两种不同震源数据资料频带宽度不同造成的,因此本论文提出首先对可控震源数据资料进行能量补偿,再进行相位转换。对可控震源进行能量补偿,本论文采用的是STFT变换的方法,目的是在提高可控震源与炸药震源一样的分辨率时,使得补偿后的可控震源记录与炸药震源资料闭合时,消除剩余闭合差,最终体现可控震源勘探的优势。本论文是针对目前地震勘探领域多种勘探震源联合应用,同一勘探地区不同震源数据资料闭合处理承待解决的关键性技术难题提出的。在目前可控震源已经大规模应用的情况下,有利于充分利用原探区的炸药震源资料,发挥不同时间段内地震资料联合应用的优势。本论文研究的方法对发挥原探区的炸药震源资料的价值,今后实现可控震源和炸药震源等不同震源的数据资料闭合有重要的意义。这对我国以前大规模使用炸药震源的油气田尤其重要。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the international land seismic exploration, seismic vibrator has become the most prominent in the excitation source which is widely used in petroleum explora-tion and development. In this article, simulation of the current popular vibrator sweep signal, compared to discuss the linear sweep signal with attenuation of the linear sweep signal and nonlinear attenuation scan with the signal, obtained under different scanning signal characteristics of the relevant records. Papers on the slopes of linear scanning signal processing method, the relevant records related to some sub-Bourbon flap effectively suppressed, the length of the scan signal scan time, the choice of bandwidth was discussed. Absorption and attenuation in the earth under the conditions of linear sweep signal generated by the resolution would significantly reduce the rel-evant records, the reality does not meet the requirements of the deep strata exploration. To compensate for this attenuation, using non-linear vibrator sweep signal instead of linear scan signals, and for modeling, get a better compensation effect.The vibrator can not completely replace the traditional dynamite source. There-fore, two focal exploration seismic data need a closed technology of processing.A ideal vibrator wavelet is zero-phase, but traditional dynamite source wavelet is mini-mum phase. You need transform zero-phase wavelet into a minimum-phase wavelets. If it dose so, you have a good closed processing result. However, it is the fact that vi-brator sweeping will be attenuated. The relevant wavelet is no longer zero phase, but it is the mixing phase wavelet. In this case, despite the phase have been converted, but you always can not get a good result.In view of this, the paper applies energy com-pensation to the vibrator, and it is the S-transform method. For the wavelet phase conversion, the paper proposes three-phase conversion and discusses them in details.The thesis focuses on the data closure which different seismic sources combina-tion. The thesis can slove that the key technical problems to be solved for a variety of exploration source jointing application. In the case of the vibrator has been large-scale used, the application the thesis has given can fill the advantages of the combined ap-plication of different time periods seismic data.By the way of of the comprehensive knowledge application in digital signal processing, numerical computation, software design, seismic data processing and seismic exploration principle, the thesis gain mang good results on the base of in-depth and fruitful research.This thesis suggest that the vibrator to carry out large-scale oil and gas explora-tion will continues to play the value for the comparison and the closed data in the source of the vibrator and dynamite in the future. This will be particularly important in the domain of the oil and gas fields which dynamite sources have been made a large-scale application.更多还原