【作者】 邢树堂；

【导师】 朴永吉；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 园艺环境工程， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 主题园区是以某一主题（如休闲农业、园艺博览、军事、体育等）为建设主体的大型园区，在造景、功能分区、互动设计等方面体现主题特色，其特色突出、定位明确、具有鲜明的区域化特点，是当前规划设计中的热点。在园区规划设计中，文化元素的体现是构建充满活力、展现特色主题园区必不可少的重要组成部分。无论是色彩的呈现、轴线的表达还是景观小品、节点的设计布局，无一不是文化元素的展现及引申。文化元素包罗万象，融合在社会生活的各个层面并演化为不同的实体或非物质形态。提取整合可利用的文化元素并应用于主题园区规划设计的不同空间，使设计更具系统性和特色化，在各类主题园区的规划设计中具有重要意义。本研究主要利用观察记录、调查问卷、文献调查、实例分析等方法，对几种主要主题园区的类型从文化元素应用及提取的角度进行分析讨论，通过对构成园区景观的中国传统文化造景元素的提炼进行系统分析，以期为主题园区设计提供传统文化元素方面的理论指导。结果如下：1.中国传统文化在园林艺术上主要分为现实表现、抽象表现、感觉表现三种类型。其中现实表现是以经过历史检验的传统文化元素所物化的符号为主。抽象表现是对历史文化符号的继承并演绎升华，感觉表现是在对历史文化充分理解的基础上所展现的一种氛围，心理的升华。中国传统文化造景元素的主要表现形式可分为“形”与“意”，以“形”造景主要涵盖“色彩、图案、造型及材质”等几部分，以“形”入景，“形”景交融。以“意”造景分为“历史重现”和“抽象演绎”两种类型，喻情于景，以景言志。本文通过对传统文化造景元素在景园中的应用实例，汇总提炼其应用的规律性，将代表性的中国传统文化造景元素进行了归纳总结，结合在园区设计中的应用形式划分为三种类型：直接利用型、借用引申型及意向表述型。其中直接利用就是把传统文化物态化的符号进行有机的组合，准确的展示；借用引申就是把微调之后的传统文化符号作为一个新的“符号”贯穿于设计的始终；而意向表述是没有具体物态化的符号的，依托对传统文化的理解加上特定的场合所迸发的灵感而进行的造景设计，是创造一个氛围、一个场景。2.论述了建筑要素、水景要素及植物要素与传统文化的呼应联系，解析了中国传统文化造景元素在主题园区中的园林要素上的表达手法，提出的一般要点具体包括：（1）在建筑要素上的表现手法，要规划符合园区主题的建筑类型以及选择恰当的传统文化符号表达建筑内涵，且选定代表符号之后要考虑使这个符号贯穿全园区的建筑乃至建筑的各个表观部分。（2）在水景要素上的表现手法：按照中国传统文化的“天人合一”思想，在驳岸处理、水体走向等造景设计时应因形就势、因地制宜。同时充分利用当代技术及材料，将传统文化重新演绎。在立体水体景观的打造方面更需要传统文化元素的加盟渲染，传统的理水加上现代化的手段是构建水体景观的基本要素。（3）在植物要素上的表现手法，重视植物的拟人化文化表达，配合植物颜色及传统文化的渲染。但是要注意“继承，吸收，消化，创新”。3．分析了主题园区主题表达与元素构成，提出了主题园区设计思路，认为其中工业主题园区应该以发现-利用-破坏-修复作为主线，本着新建的景观必须延续场地原先的文脉，场地的工业元素和工业特质需以某种方式得以保留或再生的理念。文体主题园区设计理念应以充分挖掘中国传统文化为目的，特别是以地方特色文化作为设计理念。农业主题园区设计理念要以农业资源为核心依托，本着创造集农业观光、生态旅游、文化体验、科技展示、商贸交流为一体的都市型现代观光农业园区的理念进行规划，找到传统文化与规划的园区之间的“天人合一”的结合效果，达到可持续发展的目的。论述了主题园区表现形式，认为不同层次的主题园区都是围绕着不同的主题把园林要素进行有机的组合，从而形成一个个有生命力的景观作品。4．利用观察法、调查问卷法、咨询法等对三类主题园区（工业类型、文体类型、农业类型）的中国传统文化造景元素的应用进行了分析评价。重点以北京汇源果庄主题园区和泰安市滩清湾现代农业科技产业园核心区规划为例对中国传统文化造景元素在主题园区中的应用进行了分析。其中北京汇源果庄主题园区在深度发掘四大文化，即林果田园休闲文化、山水画境文化、汇源企业文化以及四灵文化的基础上，依据文化进行创意。以果树资源为依托，整个园区将文化理念融入到各个景点，各个角落，充分的显示了文化的底蕴。泰安市滩清湾现代农业科技产业园核心区规划是在对园区地形地貌充分勘察的基础上，充分利用自然环境条件，将中国山水文化、大汶口文化、中国农耕文化等融合在园区的规划布局中，将农业生产功能与休闲观光功能有机结合，突出了农业特色和地方文化特色。更多还原

【Abstract】 Theme park is a kind of large park whose main body of construction is based on suchtheme as leisure agriculture, horticulture expo, military, sports, etc. The features will be shownin landscape making, functional distinguishing, and interactive designing and so on. It hasprominent features, clear positioning, the distinctive features of the regionalization，which willbecome the hot spot of the present planning and design. In the design of the park, culture is oneof the most important elements to build the energetic and thematic park. Whatever the colorrendering, the axis expressing, landscape sketch or landscape node plays a role in presentingand extending the culture elements. Culture elements being all-embracing have been integratedinto all levels of social life and it has evolved into different entities and non-material forms. It isof great significance in the planning and design of the various theme parks to extract andintegrate the cultural elements available and to apply them to different space with differentdesign features in theme park so as to make the design more systematic and characteristicBy using the methods of observations, questionnaires, literature review and case study,this research discussed and analyzed the styles of several theme parks from the perspective ofthe extraction and application of the cultural elements. This research made a systematic analysisof Chinese traditional cultural elements of a garden, which was expected to provide theoreticalguidance to the construction of the theme park. The research results are as follows:Firstly, Chinese traditional culture in garden-making art can be mainly divided intoreality expression, abstract expression and sense expression. And reality expression is mainlysome symbols of traditional culture examined by history. Abstract expression is to inherit anddevelop the historical cultural symbols. Sense expression is a kind of atmosp here and mentalimprovement based on completely understanding the historical culture. There are two primeexpression types of Chinese traditional culture: form and meaning. Creating scene of formconcerns include color, pattern, shape, material and so on. Creating the landscapes bymeaning can be divided into historical reappearance and abstract deduction which mix thefeeling with the scenery and express the affection by the scene. In light of some practicalexamples of cultural elements in gardens, this paper summarized some representative Chinesetraditional cultural factors and searched for their regular patterns of the application. In this case,three types which are direct use, indirect use and intention explanation are to be discussedbelow. And direct use is to organize the symbols of traditional culture and show them exactly. Indirect use is to regard some traditional cultural marks which are slightly adjusted as a newsymbol and put it in the design from beginning to end. However, there are no specificsubstantial symbols in intention explanation and it is a kind of inspired design depending on theunderstanding of the traditional culture together with some specific scenes, in other words, itmeans to create an atmosphere and a scene.Secondly, this research elaborated the interactions between building elements, waterscapeelements and plant elements with the traditional culture and proposed trains of thought forconstructing common modules of elements for Chinese traditional culture park and illustratedwith examples, specifically including:(1) the techniques of expression of architecturalelements: it is advisable to plan architectural patterns in line with the theme of the park and toselect the appropriate traditional cultural symbols to express architectural connotation, in themeantime, these representative symbols must penetrate in all architectures even each part ofarchitectures.(2) the techniques of expression of waterscape elements: in accordance withtraditional Chinese culture notion that man should be integrated with nature, suchlandscape-designs as embankment and direction of water should be in line with the regionaltopography and local conditions. In the mean time, the traditional culture can be re-interpretedthrough taking full advantage of modern technology and materials, above all, design ofstereoscopic water landscape needs more traditional cultural elements. Combination oftraditional layout of waters with the modern means is basic element to construct a waterlandscape.(3) the techniques of expression of plant elements: the traditional culturalexpressions of the plant s personified feature should be emphasized in relation to colors ofplants and art of Feng Shui. But the overall design should be in line with the law of inheritance,absorption, digestion and innovation.Thirdly, this study analyzed how to express the theme as well as to combine the elementsin the theme park and proposed the design idea of the theme park. Industrial park should seediscovery-utilization-destruction-reconstruction as the principal line and the idea of design ofindustrial park should be that the newly-constructed landscape must keep the original streaklineof the area whose industrial elements and peculiarities must be reserved and refreshed in someway. The park of recreation and sports should explore completely Chinese traditional culture,especially the local culture. Agricultural park should depend mainly on agricultural resourcesand create modern urban agricultural sightseeing park which comprises agriculture-sightseeing,ecological tourism science and technology and trade exchange.Furthermore, agricultural parkshould seek for the combination of nature and humanity between traditional culture andplanning of the park so as to achieve the aim of sustainable development. By discussing patterns of manifestation of the theme park, this paper holds the idea thatdifferent theme park should be organic combination of various landscape elements, thusforming lively landscape works.Fourthly, this research analyzed and evaluated the application of Chinese traditional culturallandscape elements in such theme parks as industrial park, park of recreation and sports andagricultural park by virtue of observations, questionnaires and interviews, etc. Especially,Beijing Huiyuan Park and the core area of Taian Tanqingwan Modern Agricultural Science andTechnology Industrial Park were chosen as examples. Beijing Huiyuan Park has been designedon the basis of cultures including leisure culture depending on fruit garden, picturesque cultureof mountains and rivers, corporate culture of Huiyuan and four-spirit culture. So the wholegarden, by means of fruit trees, can penetrate idea of culture into each scene and each corner,which fully shows the inner massages of culture. Taking the natural environment conditionsinto account, Taian Tanqingwan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Industrial Parkhas connected Chinese landscape culture, Dawenkou culture and Chinese farming culture andso on with the garden design and connected agricultural production with leisure sightseeing,which highlight the characteristics of the agriculture and local culture.更多还原