【作者】 胡续礼；

【导师】 张光灿；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 森林培育学， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 为了发挥水土保持监测工作在政府决策、经济社会发展和社会公众服务中的作用，为编制流域水土保持监测规划提供技术支撑，开展淮河流域水土保持监测分区研究十分必要。本文以淮河流域为研究对象，通过收集相关资料，分析了流域水土流失空间异质性，针对不同区域水土保持主导功能，采取主导因子法建立了水土保持监测分区指标体系，应用定量与定性相结合的方法提出了流域两级监测分区方案，明确了各个分区水土流失监测重点和内容，并编制了水土保持监测分区专题图。主要结果如下。1、构建了水土保持监测分区指标体系依据淮河流域水土流失分布特点、主导影响因子分析以及水土保持监测分区指标选取原则，确定水土保持监测分区指标体系。（1）水土保持监测一级分区指标：主导指标体为地貌类型、县域平均海拔；辅助指标为水土流失类型、年均降水量、土壤类型。（2）水土保持监测二级分区指标：主要指标为微地貌类型、土壤类型、植被覆盖度；辅助指标为土壤侵蚀强度、县域平均海拔、土壤类型、年均降水量。2、提出了水土保持监测分区命名方法遵循水土保持监测分区命名同时体现区域自然环境特点和水土保持监测特点的原则，提出了水土保持监测分区（两级）命名方法。（1）一级区命名：“地形地貌类型”+“水土流失类型”+“监测区”（2）二级区命名：“地理位置”+“地形地貌类型”+“水土保持功能”+“监测区”。3、提出了水土保持监测两级分区方案按照淮河流域水土流失空间异质性特征和水土保持分区指标体系，采用应用定量与定性相结合的方法，提出了淮河流域水土保持监测两级分区方案，包括7个一级分区和15个二级分区。Ⅰ沂蒙山低山丘陵水力侵蚀监测区Ⅰ1沂沭河上游低山丘陵水源涵养监测区Ⅰ2沂蒙山低山丘陵土壤保持监测区Ⅰ3沂蒙山山前平原农田防护监测区Ⅱ黄泛平原风水复合侵蚀监测区Ⅱ1豫东丘岗沙地防风固沙监测区Ⅱ2鲁西南平原沙地农田防护监测区Ⅲ伏牛山山地丘陵水力侵蚀监测区Ⅲ1沙颍河上游中低山水源涵养监测区Ⅲ2豫西南低山丘陵土壤保持监测区Ⅳ桐柏大别山山地丘陵水力侵蚀监测区Ⅳ1淮干上游中低山水源涵养监测区Ⅳ2大别山低山丘陵土壤保持监测区Ⅳ3淮南山地山前平原农田防护监测区Ⅴ淮北平原岗地水力侵蚀监测区Ⅴ1徐宿淮丘岗土壤保持监测区Ⅴ2淮北苏北平原农田防护监测区Ⅵ江淮丘陵岗地水力侵蚀监测区Ⅵ1蚌凤嘉盱丘岗土壤保持监测区Ⅵ2淮河中游南岸平原农田防护监测区Ⅶ江淮下游平原水力侵蚀监测区4、分析了水土保持监测分区监测重点依据淮河流域水土保持基础资料和水土流失空间异质性特征，针对不同水土保持监测分区（二级分区），分析了区域自然环境与社会经济特征、存在的主要问题，提出了水土保持监测的重点内容、主要监测设施和监测指标。5、确定了各监测分区监测站点数量根据经典统计学方法，确定了淮河流域监测站点总数为104。淮河流域各监测分区水土保持监测站点数量如下：沂蒙山低山丘陵水力侵蚀监测区（Ⅰ1、Ⅰ2、Ⅰ3）面积为39278km2，监测站点数量25个。黄泛平原风水复合侵蚀监测区（Ⅱ1、Ⅱ2）面积为48753km2，监测站点数量为16个。伏牛山山地丘陵水力侵蚀监测区（Ⅲ1、Ⅲ2）面积为22014km2，监测站点数量为17个。桐柏大别山山地丘陵水力侵蚀监测区（Ⅲ1、Ⅲ2）面积为31069km2，监测站点数量为19个。淮北平原岗地水力侵蚀监测区（Ⅴ1、Ⅴ2）面积为85603km2，监测站点数量为12个。江淮丘陵岗地水力侵蚀监测区（Ⅵ1、Ⅵ2）面积为18517km2，监测站点数量为12个。江淮下游平原水力侵蚀监测区（Ⅶ）面积为27227km2，监测站点数量为3个。6、评价了水土保持规划监测站点根据淮河流域土壤侵蚀空间插值模数图，评价了淮河流域水土保持规划监测站点，得出淮河流域规划监测站点数目较少，淮河流域共需要增加21个监测站点。7、提出了水土保持监测站点布局根据经典统计学方法确定的淮河流域各监测分区水土保持监测站点数量和淮河流域土壤侵蚀空间插值模数图，综合考虑地形地貌、土壤侵蚀模数、河流水系、水土保持功能等影响因子，确定了水土保持监测站点位置，得到了各监测站点的监测面积。更多还原

【Abstract】 Carrying out the Huaihe River Basin Soil and Water Conservation Monitoring partition isnecessary for providing technical support for the preparation of the Watershed MonitoringProgramme, playing the monitoring of soil and water conservation in government decision-making, the role of economic and social development and social services to the public. In thispaper, the Huaihe River Basin, as the research object, by collecting relevant material, analyzesthe river water and soil loss space heterogeneity, the dominant functions for different regionsof the soil and water conservation, take the dominating factor method to establish the soil andwater conservation monitoring regionalization index system, the application of quantitativeand qualitative analysis method of combining the proposed two level monitoring partitionscheme river, made it clear that the key and content of each partition soil erosion monitoringand prepare the soil and water conservation monitoring division special charts. The mainresults are as follows:1. Construct the index system of soil and water conservation monitoring divisionAccording to the distribution features of the Huaihe River Basin water and soil loss,leading the impact factor analysis and water and soil conservation monitoring division indexchoosing, determine the water and soil conservation monitoring regionalization index system.(1)Water and soil conservation monitoring First-level Partition Index: Leading indicatorsinclude body types, an average elevation for landscape (county); Auxiliary indexes includesoil and water erosion types the annual precipitation, and soil type(2)Water and soil conservation monitoring Second-level Partition Index: The main indexis the microlandscape type, soil type, vegetation coverage; Auxiliary indexes is the soilerosion intensity, an average elevation (county), soil type, and average annual rainfall2. Put forward the soil and water conservation monitoring division naming methodsFollow the soil and water conservation monitoring division naming also embodied thenatural environment characteristics and the characteristics of the soil and water conservationmonitoring principle, puts forward the soil and water conservation monitoring division (twolevels)naming methods.(1)First-level Partition named: Topography type+Soil erosion types+Monitoring area (2)Second-level Partition: The geographical position+Topography type+Soil and waterconservation function+Monitoring area3. Put forward two partition scheme of soil conservation monitoringIn accordance with the spatial heterogeneity of soil erosion in the Huaihe River Basinand the Soil and Water Conservation Divisions indicator system, The article uses the methodof the application of quantitative and qualitative combination and puts forward the two levelpartition scheme of the Huaihe River Watershed monitoring, including seven first-levelpartitions and15second-level partitions.Ⅰ Yimengshan hilly water erosion monitoring areaⅠ1The Yishu upstream hilly water conservation monitoring areaⅠ2Yimengshan hilly soil conservation monitoring areaⅠ3Yimeng piedmont plain farmland protection monitoring areaⅡ Yellow River Flood Plain feng shui compostation erosion monitoring areaⅡ1Yudong hilly sand sand-fixing monitoring areaⅡ2In Southwest sand plains farmland protection monitoring areaⅢ Funiu Mountain hills water erosion monitoring areaⅢ1Shaying upstream low mountain water conservation monitoring areaⅢ2Henan southwest hilly soil conservation monitoring areaⅣ The Tongbai Dabie Mountains, mountains and hills water erosion monitoringareaⅣ1Huai dry low mountain in the upstream water conservation monitoring areaⅣ2Dabie Mountains,hilly soil conservation monitoring areaⅣ3The piedmont plains of the Huainan mountain farmland protective monitoringareaⅤ Huaibei Plain hillock water erosion monitoring areaⅤ1Xu Su Huai hilly soil conservation monitoring areaⅤ2Huaibei Plain in Northern protection monitoring areaⅥ Jianghuai Hill Gang to water erosion monitoring areaⅥ1Mussels Fung Ka Xu, hilly soil to maintain the monitoring areaⅥ2Huaihe River middle reaches of the south bank of the plain farmland protectionmonitoring area Ⅶ Huaihe River Plain water erosion monitoring area4. Analysis of the monitoring of soil and water conservation district monitoringprioritiesAccording to the basic data of the Huaihe River Basin Soil and Water Conservation andthe spatial heterogeneity characteristics of soil erosion for different soil and waterconservation monitoring divisions (two divisions), the article analyzes the regional naturalenvironment and socio-economic characteristics and the main problems, and raises the focusof the Soil and Water Conservation Monitoring content, monitoring facilities, and monitoringindicators.5.Determine the number of the partition monitoring stations of the variousmonitoringAccording to classical statistical methods to determine the total number of monitoringstations of the Huaihe River Basin is104. Soil and Water Conservation Monitoring stations inHuaihe River Basin monitoring partition are listed below:The area of Yimengshan hilly water erosion monitoring area(Ⅰ1、 Ⅰ2、 Ⅰ3) is39278km2,the number of monitoring stations is25.The area of Yellow River Flood Plain feng shui compostation erosion monitoring area(Ⅱ1、Ⅱ2)is48753km2, the number of monitoring stations is15.The area of Funiu Mountain hills water erosion monitoring area(Ⅲ1、Ⅲ2) is22014km2,the number of monitoring stations is17.The area of The Tongbai Dabie Mountains, mountains and hills water erosion monitoringarea(Ⅳ1、Ⅳ2) is31069km2, the number of monitoring stations is19.The area of Huaibei Plain hillock water erosion monitoring area(Ⅴ1、Ⅴ2) is85603km2,the number of monitoring stations is12.The area of Jianghuai Hill Gang to water erosion monitoring area(Ⅵ1、Ⅵ2) is18517km2,the number of monitoring stations is12.The area of Huaihe River Plain water erosion monitoring area(Ⅶ) is27227km2, thenumber of monitoring stations is3.6. Valuation of the planning of soil and water conservation monitoring stationAccording to the spatial interpolation module map of soil erosion in Huaihe basin,Valuation of the planning of soil and water conservation monitoring station, the number inHuaihe River Basin planning monitoring station is less,21monitoring stations are needed to increase Huaihe River basin.7. Determination the layout of soil and water conservation monitoring stationAccording to the monitoring station number and soil erosion in Huaihe basin spatialinterpolation modulus of soil and water conservation of classical statistics method todetermine the map of the Huaihe River Basin of the monitoring area, Considering thetopography, soil erosion, river system, soil and water conservation function influence factors,determine the monitoring station location of soil and water conservation, the monitoring areaof each monitoring station.更多还原