【作者】 吕薇；

【导师】 刁承泰；

【作者基本信息】 西南大学 ， 自然地理学， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 城市土地是城市经济活动和社会活动的基本载体,随着社会经济的加速发展和全球城市化进程的加快,城市土地利用变化对环境的影响日益强烈,成为现在乃至将来土地利用／覆被变化研究领域关注的焦点。当前中国已经迈入了城市化和工业化中期阶段的后半段,城市建成区的急剧扩张和用地结构的调整成为城市化和社会经济发展的重要特征。因此,对于城市土地利用变化问题的研究具有重要的理论和实践意义。目前,国内外有关城市土地利用变化的研究侧重于采用多时序的遥感影像和统计数据对单一区域的城市土地利用变化规律进行分析,而区域之间的对比研究则比较少见,尤其是国家尺度的区域对比研究就更为少见。由于中国疆域辽阔并且区域差异巨大,运用区域对比方法对国家尺度上的城市土地利用变化进行研究就显得非常必要。本文正是基于这样的背景,从全国、地区、省域和重点城市4个空间层次以及纵向与横向相结合的角度,在全国600多个县级及以上城市的用地、人口、社会、经济数据汇总的基础上,探讨城市用地规模与结构动态演变的规律,分析城市土地利用变化的人文驱动因素和社会经济效益。论文研究的框架如下：(1)论题阐述(第1-3章)。梳理国内外研究动态,阐述论文的选题背景与研究意义、研究目标与内容、研究思路与方法、拟解决的关键问题以及数据来源和处理,并对相关概念和理论基础进行介绍。(2)基于城市化进程的全国城市土地利用变化分析(第4章)。在回顾建国以来中国城市化进程和产业结构变化的基础上,对全国城市土地利用规模与结构的变化进行分析。(3)基于城市体系组织结构(等级规模结构、职能组合结构和地域空间结构)的城市土地利用变化分析(第5-7章)。从地区、省域和重点城市3个不同的空间层次对我国城市土地利用规模与结构的变化进行分析。(4)中国城市土地利用变化人文驱动因素分析(第8章)。首先从经济发展、人口增加、产业结构调整和行政区划调整这4个方面对驱动城市土地利用变化的人文因素进行定性分析,然后运用灰色关联分析法区分引起城市建成区面积变化的主要因素和次要因素,最后通过对不同规模与职能城市用地结构的比较,分析规模和职能因素对城市用地结构的影响。(5)中国城市土地利用变化社会经济效益分析(第9章)。首先运用主成分分析法对我国2010年30个省级行政区的城市土地利用社会经济效益进行评价,然后通过聚类分析和强度指数结合的方法对我国2000、2010年30个省级行政区的城市土地利用社会经济效益类型进行划分并作比较。(6)研究结论与展望(第10章)。对论文的研究结论进行总结,并提出未来有望继续研究的方向。研究结论为：受城市化和工业化水平以及等级、规模、职能和区位等因素的影响,在全国、地区、省域和重点城市4个不同空间层次上,中国城市土地利用规模和结构的变化表现出不同的特征,其社会经济效益也具有显著的省域差异。(1)全国城市土地利用变化特征不同等级、规模城市的建成区面积差异较大,等级高、规模大的城市数量比重少,但用地比重高；居住用地、工业用地、道路广场用地和绿地比重都在国家规定的适宜比重范围内；城市的用地结构与城市的规模、职能密切相关。近30年来,随着城市人口规模的增加,中国城市建成区总面积增加了4.57倍。2000-2010年,道路广场用地和绿地比重分别有所增加,而仓储用地、对外交通用地和特殊用地比重分别有所减少,城市用地结构趋向合理;城市土地利用结构的信息熵和均衡度下降,表明中国城市发展正处于成长阶段,单一职能日渐突出;中国城市规模分布趋于集中,城市用地规模增长速度减缓,并且不同位序城市的用地规模增长速度存在差异。(2)地区城市土地利用变化特征2010年,东部地区的城市数量多,建成区总面积大；中部和西部地区的城市数量和建成区总面积相差无几；东北地区的城市数量少,建成区总面积小。工业用地和对外交通用地比重以东部地区最高,公共设施用地和绿地比重以中部地区最高,道路广场用地和市政公用设施用地比重以西部地区最高,居住用地、仓储用地以及特殊用地比重以东北地区最高。2000-2010年,东部地区建成区总面积增加最多,动态度最大；中部与西部地区比较,建成区总面积增加较少,动态度较小；东北地区建成区总面积增加最少,动态度最小。东部、中部、西部和东北地区的城市用地比重增加最多的均为道路广场用地,减少最多的分别是特殊用地、工业用地、对外交通用地和居住用地。(3)省域城市土地利用变化特征中国省域城市规模分布类型区域差异明显,以中级型和集中型为主导类型,并且有向高层次和集中型发展的趋势。受城市职能组合结构的影响,省域城市用地结构表现出明显的差异。2000-2010年,建成区总面积增长规模和动态度较大的省级行政区主要布局在东部地区,建成区总面积增长规模和动态度较小的省级行政区主要布局在西部地区。多数省级行政区的城市用地增长弹性系数大于1.12的合理值,城市用地扩展过快。多数省级行政区的城市用地结构多样性指数呈现下降的趋势,各职能类型城市用地面积的差别在增大。(4)重点城市土地利用变化特征各重点城市的建成区面积相差较大,多数东部地区重点城市的建成区面积较大,多数西部地区重点城市的建成区面积较小。受城市规模和职能的影响,各重点城市的用地结构差异显著。2000～2010年,多数东部地区重点城市的建成区面积增长规模和动态度较大,多数西部地区重点城市的建成区面积增长规模和动态度较小；绝大多数重点城市的用地增长弹性系数大于1.12的合理值,城市用地扩展过快；多数重点城市用地结构的多样性指数呈现下降的趋势,即城市各职能类型用地面积的差别在增大。(5)城市土地利用变化人文驱动因素经济发展、人口增加、产业结构调整和行政区划调整均为驱动城市土地利用变化的人文因素。在引起城市建成区面积变化的多种人文因素中,城镇总人口、国内生产总值和固定资产投资是最主要的影响因素。城市的规模和职能影响城市的用地结构,不同规模、职能城市的用地结构具有明显差异。(6)城市土地利用变化的社会经济效益2010年,我国东部地区多数省级行政区的城市土地利用社会经济效益较高。2000-2010年,除海南和青海2个省,其余28个省级行政区的地均人口负荷都有不同程度的减少,而全部省级行政区的地均二、三产业产值都有不同程度的增加；高效益型和低效益型省级行政区的数量在减少,中等效益型省级行政区的数量相应增加。更多还原

【Abstract】 Urban land is the basic carrier of urban economic and social activities. Along with the accelerated development of social economy and promotion of global urbanization, the impact of urban land-use change on environment has grown stronger and stronger, and it also becomes current even future focus of the research field of land-use and land-cover change. China has stepped into the latter half of the middle stage of industrialization and urbanization, so the rapid expansion of urban built-up area and adjustment of land-use structure have turned into an important feature of urbanization and social economy development. Therefore, the research on urban land-use change has significantly theoretical and practical meaning. At present, this research at home and abroad is more likely to adopt multi-sequential remote-sensing images and statistical data to analyze the law of urban land use change in a single region, and comparative study among regions is relatively uncommon, especially the regional comparative study nationwide is particularly rarer. Because of China’s vast territory and remarkably regional differences, the application of regional comparison approach in the research on urban land-use change at national scale appears essentially necessary.It is in line with the above background that this thesis takes four spatial levels—the entire China, regions, provinces and major cities and the combination of horizontal and vertical direction into account, summarizes the integrated data of land-use, population, society and economy in more than600cities at the county-level and above, explores the dynamic evolution law of urban land-use scale and structure, and finally analyzes the human driving factors and socioeconomic benefits of urban land-use change. The research framework of the thesis is as follows:(1) Topic elaboration (Chapter One～Chapter Three). This part sorts out domestic and overseas research trends, explains the subject background and significance, research object and content, research approach and method, key issues to be resolved and data sources and processing of the thesis, and makes an introduction to relevant concepts and theoretical basis. (2) Analysis of the national urban land-use change based on urbanization process (Chapter Four). On the basis of reviewing Chinese urbanization and industrial structure transformation since the founding of PRC, this part analyzes the scale and structure change of national land-use.(3) Analysis of urban land-use change based on urban system structure (the rank-size structure, functional grouping structure and regional spatial structure)(Chapter Five～Chapter Seven). This part analyzes the scale and structure change of urban land-use in China from three spatial levels—regions, provinces and major cities.(4) Analysis of human driving factors of urban land-use change in China (Chapter Eight). This part first carries out qualitative analysis of human driving factors of urban land-use change from four aspects, that is, economy development, population growth, adjustment of industrial structure and adjustment of administrative divisions, and then, it applies Grey Rational Analysis to divide the principle factor and secondary factor which result in the change of urban build-up area, at last it compares the land-use structure among cities with different sizes and functions, so as to analyze the influence of scale and function factors on urban land-use structure.(5) Analysis of social and economic benefit of urban land-use change in China (Chapter Nine). At First, this part uses the method of Principal Component Analysis to evaluate the social and economic benefit of urban lands of30Chinese provincial-level administrative regions in2010, then, by integrating Cluster Analysis and intensity index, it divides and compares the types of social and economic benefit of urban land-use in30Chinese provincial-level administrative regions from2000and2010.(6) Research conclusion and prospect (Chapter Ten). This part summarizes the research results of this thesis and puts forward promising research orientation in the future.Research conclusion:affected by urbanization and industrialization level, rank, size, function, location and other factors, scale and structure changes of Chinese urban land-use show different characteristics at four spatial levels—the whole nation, regions, provinces and major cities, and its social and economic benefit also has prominent provincial differences.(1) The characteristic of national urban land-use changeThere is great difference in built-up area among cities with different ranks and sizes, the city which has higher rank and larger size possesses less proportion of number but more proportion of land-use; the percentages of residential land, industrial land, roads and squares and greenbelts are all within the appropriate range specified by the state; urban land-use structure is closely related to a city’s size and function. In the recent30years, with expansion of urban population, the total urban build-up areas in China have increased by4.57times. From2000to2010, proportions of lands for roads and squares and lands for greenbelt have increased respectively, while proportions of warehouse land, intercity transportation land and specially-designated land have reduced separately, and urban land-use structure has tended to be more reasonable; the information entropy and balance degree of urban land-use structure have decreased, which indicates that the development of Chinese cities is in the growth phase and the single function has increasingly highlighted; the city-size distributing in China has become more centralized, the increase of urban land-use scale has slowed down, and the growth rate of urban land-use scale among cities with distinct ranks is different from each other.(2) The characteristic of regional urban land-use changeIn2010, there were more city numbers and larger build-up areas in Eastern China; numbers of cities and total build-up areas were almost equal in Central and Western China; there were less cities and smaller build-up areas in Western China. Industrial land and intercity transportation land had the highest proportion in the Eastern region, lands for public facilities and lands for greenbelts possessed the highest proportion in the Central region, lands for roads and squares and municipal utilities owned the highest proportion in the Western region, and residential land, warehouse land and specially-designated land held the highest proportion in the Northeast region. From2000to2010, the Eastern region has added the most built-up areas, and its dynamic degree is also the maximum; by comparison, the Central and Western regions have added less total build-up areas, and the dynamic degree is smaller; the Northeast region has increased the least total build-up areas, and its dynamic degree is the smallest. The largest added value of urban land-use in the above mentioned regions all lies in lands for roads and squares, and the largest decline happens in specially-designated land, industrial land, intercity transportation land, residential land.(3) The characteristic of land-use change of provincial cityThe provincial city-size distributing types in China have obviously regional difference, and taking the intermediate type and centralized type as dominant ones, it is inclined to develop into higher-level and centralized types. With the influence of functional grouping structure, land-use structures in provincial cities vary greatly. From2000to2010, the provincial-level administrative regions with larger growth scale of built-up areas and higher dynamic degree have been mainly located in the Eastern region, and the provincial-level administrative regions with smaller built-up areas and lower dynamic degree have been situated in the Western region. The elastic coefficient of urban land-use in most provincial-level administrative regions has been above the reasonable value of1.12, and the urban land-use expansion has been excessively fast. The diversity index of urban land-use structure in majority of provincial-level administrative regions has shown downward trend, and the difference of urban land-use areas in functional type of cities have been growing.(4) The characteristic of land-use change in major cityThe build-up area in major cities differs considerably; in the majority of major cities of the Eastern region, the build-up area is larger, but in most major cities of the Western region, it is smaller. Influenced by types of city function, the urban land-use structure in major cities is notably diversified. From2000to2010, the majority of major cities in the Eastern region have possesses larger growth scale of built-up areas and higher dynamic degree, and most major cities in the Western region have possesses smaller built-up areas and lower dynamic degree; The elastic coefficient of urban land-use in the vast majority of major cities has been above the reasonable value of1.12, and the urban land-use expansion has been strikingly rapid. The diversity index of urban land-use structure in most major cities has shown downward trend, that is, the difference of urban land-use areas in functional type of cities have been growing.(5) Human driving factors of land-use changeEconomy development, population increase, adjustment of industrial structure and adjustment of administrative divisions are all human factors which drive urban land-use to change. Among the factors causing build-up area change in cities, the total urban population, GDP and fixed-asset investment are the most important influencing factors. The size and function of city can affect urban land-use structure, which is markedly different in cities with varied sizes and functions.(6) Social and economic benefit of urban land-useIn2010, the social and economic benefit of provincial-level administrative regions in the Eastern region was higher. From2000to2010, except Hainan and Qinghai Provinces, the rest of28provincial-level administrative regions all have achieved different degrees of reduction in average population load, and all the provincial-level administrative regions have realized separate degree of increase in average output value of the secondary and tertiary industries; high-benefit and low-benefit type of provincial-level administrative regions have been reducing, and the number of medium-benefit type of provincial-level administrative regions has been increasing correspondingly.更多还原