【作者】 陈加胜；

【导师】 高明中；

【作者基本信息】 安徽理工大学 ， 采矿工程， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 目前国内煤矿掘进巷道的永久支护凭经验设计,巷道顶板的岩性及岩层结构不能及时探明,使永久支护设计不能随顶板情况而及时变更,有时因为支护强度不够而造成顶板事故,有时支护强度过剩造成浪费,降低了掘进速度和效益。巷道的锚杆(索)支护率已达80%左右,需要不断地钻孔和安装锚杆(索)对新暴露的围岩进行支护。另外在巷道掘进过程中,经常会遇到瓦斯突出、复合顶板、地下水、坚硬难截割岩层、断层等复杂地质条件,需要钻孔放炮或钻探。针对上述现状,.本文提出随掘钻探一体化思路,即以悬臂式掘进机为支撑平台,使悬臂式掘进机具有锚杆支护、地质钻探等更多的功能,将先进的钻探一体化钻机与悬臂式掘进机相结合,实现掘进巷道安全高效快速。论文研究的主要工作如下：(1)对目前国内外巷道掘进中使用的各种钻机进行分析比较,提出随掘钻探一体化思路,即以悬臂式掘进机为支撑平台,设计与悬臂式掘进机相配套的钻探一体化钻机,具有随掘锚杆支护、炮眼钻凿、瓦斯超前释放钻孔、岩性探测和地质钻孔等钻进的多种功能。(2)分析了单体液压锚杆钻机的结构原理,基于能量法顶板岩层可钻性的探测原理推导出液压锚杆钻机各参数的计算公式,进一步推导出液压锚杆钻机破碎比功的计算公式,通过检测破碎比功即可判定岩石的单向抗压强度,得到破碎比功主要取决于马达进油量、马达进油压力和给进液压缸的进油流量三个参数的结论。提出了通过检测液压锚杆钻机液压系统的油压和流量来推算顶板不同层位岩层的强度和岩层对应厚度的方法,为巷道顶板动态支护设计提供地质依据。(3)本文研究发现：巷道顶板的坚固性系数在岩层分界面处发生阶跃变化、在离层或软弱夹层处发生脉冲变化,对应到锚杆钻机的液压系统中的压力和流量参数也随之发生阶跃突变和脉冲突变。对单体液压锚杆钻机的动态特性进行分析,建立了钻机的给进油缸和马达的动态特性数学模型,重点对给进油缸的动态特性进行分析。得出以下结论：钻机在钻进顶板岩层的过程中,在岩层分界面处给进油缸的进油量会发生阶跃突变,在离层或软弱夹层处油缸的进油量会发生脉冲突变。(4)试验模拟岩层的制作：从矿井现场采掘工作面采集典型岩石标本,然后将岩石标本镶嵌在混凝土中,再用黄泥及混凝土等材料制作不同强度的模拟岩层。制作了各岩层的试块并做单向抗压试验。(5)研制构建了顶板岩层可钻性探测试验系统,运用流量变送器和压力变送器同步、连续、密集检测液压锚杆钻机钻进岩层时液压系统内各处的油压和流量值,并将数据转化为电压值传输到NI USB-6009数据采集卡。用LABVIEW软件编程显示各流量和压力变化的动态数据和曲线,同时将采集的数据保存到计算机,通过实测液压锚杆钻机钻孔时的液压系统中的流量和压力推测顶板的厚度和强度等岩层特性,效果良好,验证了所建数学模型的正确性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nowadays, permanent support of roadway is designed by experience at domestic coal mine, lithology and rock structure of roadway roof can not be detected in time, permanent support design can not be changed according to roof situation, sometimes roof accident occurs because of insufficient support strength, sometimes excessive supporting strength results in waste, excavation speed and efficiency is reduced. Bolt (steel cable) support rate of roadway has reached about80%, constant drilling and bolts installation is required to support newly exposed surrounding rock. Additionally, complex geological conditions, such as methane outburst, composite roof, groundwater, hard rock layers which are difficult to cut, and faults are often encountered during roadway excavation, so drilling, blasting, or detection is required.In view of the above situation, this paper presents integration idea of bolting, drilling, and detection along with roadway excavation. Roadheader is made as a platform which has functions of bolting support and geological drilling. Roadheader is made to combine with integration rig of bolting, drilling, and detection, so safe, quick, and efficient roadway excavation is achieved.Major researches in this paper are as follows:(1) Many kinds of drilling machines used for domestic and foreign roadway excavation are analyzed and compared, integration idea of drilling and detection along with roadway excavation is presented, that is to say, roadheader is made as a platform, integration rig of drilling and detection is designed, integration rig which matches roadheader has multiple functions of bolting, blast-hole drilling, methane releasing drillhole ahead of roadway excavation, lithology detection, and geological drilling, etc.(2) Structure and principle of single-prop hydraulic bolter are analyzed, parameters calculation formulae of hydraulic roof bolter are deduced based on energy detection principle on roof strata drillability, calculation formula of broken work ratio of hydraulic bolter is deduced, uniaxial compressive strength of rocks can be determined by detection of broken work ratio, conclusion is drawn that broken work ratio is mainly determined by three parameters of motor inflow, motor inlet pressure, and inflow of feed cylinder. Measurement method is presented that corresponding thickness and strength of roof layers can be determined through detecting pressure and flow in hydraulic system of hydraulic bolter, so geological basis can be provided to dynamic roof support design.(3) This paper found that there is a step change in firmness coefficient of roadway roof at the rock interface and a pulse change at fracture between separate strata or weak intercalated layer, and there is a step or pulse change of pressure and flow in the hydraulic system of bolt. Dynamic characteristics of the single-prop hydraulic bolter is analyzed, the dynamic characteristics mathematical models of feeding cylinder and motor are built, emphasis is put on dynamic characteristics analysis of feeding cylinder, conclusion is as follows:there is a step change in inlet flow of feeding cylinder at the rock interface or at fracture between separate strata or weak intercalated layer during drilling in the roof strata.(4) The manufacture process of simulation rock strata for test are as follows: typical rock samples are collected from working site of mine, then rock samples are embedded in the concrete, different strength simulation strata are made of yellow mud, concrete, and other materials. Test blocks of different rocks are made and tested to measure unidirectional compressive strength.(5) Test system is built to detect roof strata drillability, flow and pressure transmitters are used to detect pressure and flow in hydraulic system of bolter in drilling process synchronously, continuously, and densely. Data be translated into voltage values and transferred to NI USB-6009data acquisition card. LABVIEW software is made to display the dynamic data and curves of flow and pressure, at the same time the collected data are saved to the computer, layers characteristics such as thickness and strength can be inferred through detecting pressure and flow in hydraulic system of hydraulic bolter during drilling, the mathematical models which are built in this paper are proved to be correct.更多还原