【作者】 梁盛开；

【导师】 宋振骐；

【作者基本信息】 中国矿业大学（北京） ， 岩土工程， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 峨眉地幔热柱的活动使玄武岩在本区缺失、隔水层变薄，使地下水一度处于超临界状态，CaCO3的溶解度提高了95%，岩溶很发育，并发展为深部暗河。区域水位异常是裂隙偏流所致，窄缝内水位较高，宽缝内的较低。自建的模型和材料、数值模拟显示覆岩渗透系数与裂宽增量3次方程正比，覆岩长兴灰岩底部易形成离层，离层区底板完整可储水；底板最大主应力值采空区的边长的平方、水压成正比，和底板厚度的平方成反比。注水试验、超声波测试和模拟试验证明底板可超前破坏，断层破坏深度是完整底板的2倍，底板隐伏导水断裂扩展即发生突水。认为迎着推进方向顶板施工钻孔释放了顶板离层水，预防暗河水害；缩小采矿尺寸，加固底板隔水层，改造底板含水层和切断导升断裂，阻止导升扩展等方法可防治底板水害。更多还原

【Abstract】 Emei mantle plume activities caused the basalt absent, the aquiclude thinner, groundwaterin the supercritical state,CaCO3solubility to increase by95%, karst and sub-rivers welldeveloped in north Guizhou region. The author demonstrated that the abnormal levels ofgroundwater were caused by partial flow in the fractures. The water tables in narrow fractureswere much higher than those in wide ones. The models, numerical simulations and materialanalogues showed that the permeability grew cubically as a function of fracture width incrementin the over burden and the water container due to separation of Changxing limestone and theunderlying layer would develop; the major stress in the floor was in direct propagation to thesquare of the side length of the un-compacted area, the square of water pressure and in inverseproportion to the square of thickness of the floor aquiclude. The tests of injection and ultrasonicprobe showed that the failure happened in the deeper part of the floor ahead of the working faceand water intrusion would go up to cause inrush. The water hazards of separation strata orsub-rivers could be controlled by drilling into the overburden. Water inrush could be controlledby cutting the sides of the open room, reinforcing the coal floor, changing aquifers into aquiclude,stopping fracture expansion by grouting.更多还原