【作者】 焦海华；

【导师】 黄占斌；

【作者基本信息】 中国矿业大学（北京） ， 环境科学， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 大港油田石油开采历史悠久，石油污染土壤面积大，特点突出。根际土壤微生物群落多样性是污染土壤植物修复效应的重要指示。本研究以大港油田为研究对象，在对土壤中石油污染物的来源及其潜在风险调查与评估的基础上，选取直根系植物棉花(Gossypiumspp)，牵牛花(Pharbitis nil (Linn.) Choisy)、紫茉莉(Mirabilis jalapa Linn)和须根系植物冬小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）、甘蓝（Brassica oleracea）、苜蓿（Medicago sativa Linn）、黑麦草(Lolium perenne L.)作为研究植物。通过盆栽实验，利用熏蒸法、常规平板计数和磷脂脂肪酸（PLFA）等微生物测定方法，探讨不同植物对根际土壤中石油烃的去除作用及根际土壤微生物的影响。结果表明：大港油田大部分区域土壤中多环芳烃污染属中、轻度，局部为重度污染；土壤暴露的致癌风险值高出国际上普遍接受的标准风险值1-2个数量级，具有较高的农用风险；直根系植物对土壤石油烃的去除作用大于须根系；直根系根际土壤微生物群落结构较稳定，对根际土壤中石油烃降解菌具有较高的选择性促进作用。研究结果为大港油田及其类似地区的石油污染土壤植物修复技术的选择提供了重要参考，为石油污染土壤的微生物生态学机制探索提供了重要方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 The oil development history of Dagang oil field is so long, the range of oil pollution soil islarge, so the oil field is typical area delegated oil pollution in proceeding of environmentaladministration. Phytoremediation of the oil pollution soil and the effect of soil rhizosphericmicroorganisms are the key aspects on running technology and the effect evolution, and thechange of soil rhizospheric microorganism is the important index for the evaluation. This studyused oil pollution soil in Dagang oil field as the typical study soil, based on investigating,districting and the potential risk assessment of oil pollution, it was used pot planting study methodand two types of plants as study materials to analysis the diversity of soil rhizosphericmicroorganism, the plants include tap root plant, such as cotton (Gossypium spp), morning glory(Pharbitis nil (Linn.) Choisy) and mirabilis jalapa (Mirabilis jalapa Linn) and fibrous root plant,such as wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), cabbage (Brassica oleracea), ryegrass (Medicago sativaLinn), Lucerne (Lolium perenne L.), the soil rhizospheric microganism community structureanalysis was used steaming-treating method normal plate counting method and phospholipid fattyacid (PLFA) profiles. The results were as followings: the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)pollution in most area of Dagang oil field soil belonged to middle level, and same part to highlevel. PAHs loss action of tap root plants was stronger than that of fibrous root plants. The soilrhizospheric microganism community structure of tap root plant was not so changed greatlycompared with the control treatment that there are no plants planting, but the fibrous root plantwas opposition; These results are important reference to select phytoremediation technology inDagang oil field and the similar areas, and provide important method for research on mechanismsof soil microbial ecology in oil contaminated soil.更多还原