泰国能源研究

【作者】 张伟丰（WIRAWAT NARANIRATSAI）；

【导师】 吴磊；

【作者基本信息】 云南大学 ， 国际关系， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 “能源”是人类生存的重要物质基础和推动社会进步的强劲驱动力。因此,能源资源领域也就自然成为各国在保障本国政治经济安全、维护国家利益以及可持续发展中的“必争之地”。尤其是对具有稀缺性的传统能源——石油资源的争夺,日趋白热化。由此可见,能源资源在国际政治、经济外交中拥有举足轻重的地位。近年来,泰国经济持续增长,致使能源需求总量不断提高,能源(石油)对外依赖程度日益加大,并引发多次能源危机。泰国是个能源贫乏的国家,能源(石油)资源在地理分布、勘探、开采、消费各环节均不平衡,能源供需矛盾由此进一步凸显,泰国能源短缺、能源安全问题逐渐成为阻碍国家发展的重大问题。如何有效解决泰国面临的能源问题,本文认为可以通过开展国际能源合作、调整国家能源消费结构、提高能效推广节能,以及推动国家多元化利用可再生能源战略等措施来保障泰国能源安全。同时,通过加大国家环保利用能源力度,建立国家能源安全的长期可持续发展规划也能够有效提高泰国能源安全系数。本文利用泰国第一手相关资料,考察论述了泰国能源发展进程及现状,进一步梳理论证了当今泰国存在的能源问题。论文分为五部分：第一章是绪论,概述研究缘由和意义,界定相关概念,综述研究现状以及研究思路和研究困境；第二章介绍泰国的能源现状与特点。阐述了泰国的能源发展现状,分析了泰国的能源资源特点和能源消费现状,预测了泰国能源未来的发展趋势,并进一步剖析当今泰国能源环境与贸易存在的问题；第三章集中论述泰国的能源安全战略。全面概括了泰国能源安全战略的发展,总结了泰国能源战略原则、目标及主要策略；第四章为泰国能源外交合作。全面论述了泰国的国际能源外交合作,分析泰国能源合作的特点,并提出能源合作的几点思考；最后,第五章为泰国能源安全战略问题与对策建议。总结泰国能源战略存在问题,进一步指出国际能源格局形势对泰国能源安全造成的影响,提出对完善泰国能源安全战略发展的建议。通过以上研究,本文得出以下结论：第一、泰国能源资源不足,能源供需失衡,引发国家能源危机,不利于国家能源战略发展。多年来,在推进国家社会经济发展过程中,泰国能源消费日趋旺盛,能源消费总量逐年攀升,使得泰国能源产业供不应求。加之本国能源资源不足,使得泰国能源短缺、能源依赖程度加大的不利局面愈加雪上加霜,引发国家能源及其政治军事危机,阻碍国家的发展进步。第二、泰国能源外交合作起步较早,从国际石油贸易到走出国门的国际能源合作,如今都取得了一定的成果。随着国家能源需求剧增,泰国国家石油机构(今泰国国家石油(公众)股份有限公司)为确保国家能源供应安全开展了国际能源外交合作。如今,泰国石油公司在全球拓展了能源领域的合作,合作伙伴遍及亚太地区的澳大利亚、中国、印尼等国,中东地区的阿联酋等国,非洲地区的阿尔及利亚和肯尼亚等国,美洲的巴西、加拿大、美国及欧洲的德国和俄罗斯等国,泰国的国际能源合作成果显著。第三、泰国能源发展战略存在严重问题,而且呈愈演愈烈之势。据本文对泰国能源产业考察显示：泰国能源管理制度不够完善,石油财税体制、石油价格计算不合理,液化石油气分配不公平,能源供应失衡,缺乏可再生能源利用技术及能源战略策略落实不到位等问题,上述问题都是泰国能源可持续发展战略面临的严峻挑战。第四、要推动泰国能源可持续发展战略,就必须继续推进完善能源资源管理制度,坚持对能源技术和技术人员的培养投入,致力于能源资源的多元化利用,提高能源利用效率、提升替代能源及可再生能源的利用程度,积极展开节能减排的环保工作,规划建立能源贸易市场,积极参与国际能源外交合作等。更多还原

【Abstract】 "Energy" is an important basis material for human existence and social development mechanism. Therefore, the energy resources will become all nation political and economic security determinant to maintain national interests and the sustainable development of the "battle cause", especially the lack of traditional energy-----competition for petroleum is intensified. Energy (petroleum) resource becomes an important role for all nations on the international political and economic diplomacy. For the recent years, Thailand’s growing economy has increased the demand of energy, energy (petroleum) dependency rising is the main cause of several energy crisis. Thailand is an energy poor country, energy (petroleum) resources distribution, exploration-consumption are not balanced, the contradiction between energy supply and demand is explicit, Thailand’s energy shortage, energy security has become a major problem hindering the country development. How to effectively solve Thailand’s energy problems, author’s opinion conduct international energy cooperation, adjust national energy consumption structure, improve energy efficiency and energy-saving measures promote, comprehensive promote diversification of renewable energy strategy to ensure Thailand’s energy security. Meanwhile, increasing national environmental protection, to establish a long-term sustainable development of national energy security planning, moreover effectively improve Thailand’s energy security coefficient.The study is based on many Thai primary data resources to research Thailand’s energy development and current energy situation, demonstrates Thailand’s energy problems. The study is divided into5chapters:The first chapter is an introduction: summarization of research reason and significance, conceptual definitions, literature reviews, research mentality and research dilemma. The second chapter is current Thailand’s energy development and characteristic:elaborated analyzes Thailand’s energy resources characteristics and energy consumption situation, forecast energy development trend, and comprehensive analyzes the energy environmental and energy trade problem. The third chapter is discusses Thailand’s energy security strategy. Summarizes the development of Thailand’s energy security strategy, concise Thailand’s energy strategy principles, objectives and strategies (policies). The fourth chapter is Thailand’s energy cooperation:conclude Thailand’s energy cooperation, analyze Thailand’s energy cooperation characteristic and reflections. The last chapter is Thailand’s energy security problem and suggestion ideas:Summary of Thailand’s energy strategic problems, comprehensive the influence of the international energy situation for Thailand’s energy security, propose to improve energy security strategy suggestions for the development of Thailand.The conclusion of "Study on Thailand’s energy" is as follows:First, Thailand’s insufficient energy resources, energy supply and demand imbalance, caused the national energy crisis, it is not conducive to national energy development strategy. Over the years, growing of Thailand’s economy, increasingly energy consumption, total energy consumption has increased steadily, making Thai energy in short supply. Coupled with lack of indigenous energy resources, affect Thai energy shortages, increasing energy dependence that unfavorable situation even more worse, lead to national energy and its political and military crisis, hindering the country’s development.Second, Thailand’s energy diplomacy started earlier, from the international petroleum trade to "go aboard" international energy cooperation strategy, nowadays have achieved results. With the increasing energy demand, Petroleum Authority of Thailand (PTT, now PTT Public Company Limited:PTT) conduct international energy diplomacy cooperation ensures the energy supply. Now, PTT cooperate global partners such as Asia Pacific:Australia, China, Indonesia etc. Middle East region of United Arab Emirates etc. African region of Algeria and Kenya etc. American region of Brazil, Canada, the U.S. etc. and European region of Germany and Russia etc., it’s remarkable Thailand’s international energy cooperation achievements.Third, Thailand’s energy development strategy has worse problems, after studies shown Thailand’s energy management system problem, Petroleum Fiscal Regime system and petroleum prices unreasonable, LPG distribution unfair, Energy supply imbalance, lack of renewable energy technologies and energy strategy implementation etc. these problems are hinder sustainable energy development strategy.Fourth, to promote sustainable energy development strategy, must be reformed energy resources management system, developed energy technology and technical personnel training, conduct diversification of energy resources utilization, improve energy efficiency, increase alternative energy and renewable energy consumption, comprehensive energy efficiency and actively reduce pollution emissions, planning on establish energy trade market, and actively participate in international energy diplomacy cooperation etc.更多还原