现实主义视角下的邻国外交

【作者】 韦健锋；

【导师】 吕昭义；

【作者基本信息】 云南大学 ， 世界史， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 印度和缅甸同为我国西南重要邻国,印缅双边关系如何将直接影响我西南边疆安全环境。本论文对独立后的印缅关系进行考察分析,揭示其内涵、特点及影响因素,并据此研判其未来发展趋势,有助于我们正确把握和处理涉印、涉缅历史与现实问题,制定行之有效的对印、对缅外交策略。论文第1—3章重点介绍了印缅关系的历史演变过程,比较系统、全面地论述了不同时期内印缅关系发展的基本状况、特点和影响因素。第4章阐述了印缅边境反政府武装、非法移民和非法贸易问题,分析了这些问题对印缅关系的影响。第5章从中印缅三国相互认知入手,通过介绍中国对缅关系的发展和建设经缅甸连结印度洋国际大通道及其印度的因应举措,来展示中国因素对印缅关系的作用情况。结论部分对影响印缅关系发展的主要因素进行归纳总结,并对该双边关系的未来走向作简要展望。1948年以来,印缅关系总体呈现出由高涨到快速回落再由低落到渐次升温的发展历程。尼赫鲁—吴努时期,相同的遭受殖民统治经历、共同的不结盟理念,以及两国领导人在民族独立运动中结下的友谊,成就了印缅关系史上的蜜月期。奈温时期,印度对缅甸军人掌权、实施“国有化”和奉行消极中立政策感到不满,两国共同利益减少,双边关系相对冷淡。冷战末期,缅甸政局动荡,国内民主状况恶化,印度主要从意识形态出发对缅甸当局进行猛烈抨击,两国关系跌至历史冰点。冷战后,印缅两国出于边境问题、中国因素等不同或相同的各自利益需求,积极开展双边合作,使两国关系日趋紧密并保持着良好的发展态势。总的来看,意识形态、边境问题、中国因素、缅甸政局变化和印缅两国的外交政策,是影响独立后印缅双边关系发展走向的主要因素,这些因素在不同时期所起到的作用也不同。事实上,在这些因素背后真正起主导作用的,是两国的国家利益需求：印缅之间国家利益需求的兼容性、同向度越高,两国关系就越好,反之则越差。更多还原

【Abstract】 India and Myanmar are two important neighbors of China, however the India-Myanmar relations develop may directly affect china’s southwest borderland security environment. The dissertation describes the status of India-Myanmar relations after their independence to uncover its connotations, characteristics and influencing factors, and then forecasts the future development trends of the relations. It will help us to correctly understand and handle historical and realistic problems related to India or Myanmar, and develop effective foreign policy on India and Myanmar. The first three chapters introduce the evolution process of the relationship between India and Myanmar, and systematically and comprehensively discusses the characteristics and impact factors. The fourth elaborates the issues of the rebels, illegal immigration and illegal trade on India-Myanmar border, and analyzes the influence of these issues on the India-Myanmar relationship. In the fifth chapter, on the basis of mutual cognition of India, Myanmar and China, the dissertation discusses how the China-Factor impact on the India-Myanmar relationship by presenting two phenomena:China is "south to"’Myanmar and "west" into Indian Ocean by Myanmar, and India’s reaction and coping measures. The conclusion part summarizes the main factors influencing the India-Burma relationship after their independence, and foretells the future prospects of their bilateral relationship.Since1948, the India-Myanmar relations show us a High-to-Low then Low-to-High development process. During the term of Nehru-U Nu, the same colonial experience, common non-aligned concept, as well as the deep friendship between the two country’s leaders formed in the national independence movement have promoted India-Myanmar relationship to the stage of honeymoon. During the term of U Ne Win, Myanmar Military seized the power, launched nationalization and pursued the negative and neutral policy, which made India discontented with and the bilateral relations of India and Myanmar be in cool. At the end of Cold War, The political situation in Myanmar became turbulent, the domestic democracy deteriorated, the authorities of Myanmar had been bitter blamed by India, the relationship between the two countries came to a historical frozen point. After the Cold War, Based on the same or different interests-demanding of themselves, including border issue and China-Factor, India and Myanmar actively carry out their cooperation, improve and cultivate and maintain a good momentum of close relationship between the tow countries. In general, the ideology, the border issue, China factor, Myanmars political change, and India’s and Myanmar’s diplomatic policy are the main factors that influence the development of India-Myanmar relations since they got their independence, these factors play different roles in different periods. In fact, behind these factors, which play a leading role, is the demand of national interests of the two countries India and Myanmar:when India and Myanmar’s interests demand be in higher compatibility, the relationship between the two countries is better, and vice versa.更多还原