【作者】 徐伟；

【导师】 黄德林；

【作者基本信息】 中国地质大学 ， 思想政治教育， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 政治激励是最高层次的一种思想政治教育工作激励方式,作为思想政治教育的一种主要方法和途径,在完成思想政治教育任务,实现思想政治预期目标的过程中起着十分重要的作用。毛泽东同志根据马克思列宁主义的基本原理,在长期的中国革命和建设实践中,探索出了一系列行之有效的思想政治工作的方式方法,尤其是政治激励法,鼓舞和激发了全党、全军和全国各族人民革命和建设的积极性和创造性,团结一致,奋勇前进,最终取得了中国革命的伟大胜利和社会主义建设的伟大成就。随着历史的前进和学术的进步,毛泽东同志在长期的革命和建设实践中所运用独创性的政治激励教育法,经过学界深入系统地理论概括,逐渐形成了毛泽东政治激励思想。这一思想是毛泽东思想和毛泽东思想政治教育工作理论的重要组成部分,弥足珍贵,将有力推动并长期指导思想政治教育理论研究和实践发展。因此,如何通过政治激励的方式,特别是发挥毛泽东政治激励思想的当代价值,使全党全国人民同心同德、同心同向、同心同行,朝着全面建成小康社会和进而建成富强民主文明和谐的社会主义现代化国家的共同目标而努力奋斗,成为广大理论工作者和思想政治教育工作者必须探索和思考的一个重大理论问题和实践课题。本文以马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想和科学发展观为指导,运用马克思主义哲学的方法和马克思列宁主义关于政治激励的相关理论,把毛泽东政治激励思想作为研究对象,在准确界定激励和政治激励内涵的基础上,力图通过系统梳理政治激励和毛泽东政治激励思想的相关文献,分析毛泽东政治激励思想形成发展的历史过程,归纳毛泽东政治激励思想的主要内容,总结毛泽东政治激励思想的历史作用,探讨毛泽东政治激励思想的当代价值,努力深化中国共产党政治激励思想研究,以期能为毛泽东思想研究和思想政治教育学发展提供新的启示与思路,为我们党激励和团结带领全国人民同心同德坚持和发展中国特色社会主义,为实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦提供新的理论参照与指导。全文共分为7章,主要内容概括如下：第一章绪论。本章主要阐明了选题缘起和研究意义,系统梳理了国内外研究现状,简要概括了本文的研究内容,系统构建本文的研究思路和方法,明确指出了本文研究的重点、难点、创新点和不足。本文基于对毛泽东政治激励思想理论思考的心路历程和课题研究的实践过程而确定选题。本文认为毛泽东政治激励思想研究具有重要的理论意义和现实意义：就理论意义而言,有助于拓宽现代思想政治教育学的研究视域；有助于拓展毛泽东思想的研究领域;有助于推动马克思主义中国化的理论研究。就现实意义而言,有助于为提高思想政治教育的实效性提供理论借鉴：有助于为巩固马克思主义在意识形态的指导地位提供理论指导：有助于为发展中国特色社会主义的伟大事业提供理论参考。本文从科学内涵、主要类型、相关方式和功能作用四个方面和历史背景、主要内容、功能作用和当代价值四个方而分别系统梳理了政治激励和毛泽东政治激励思想的国内研究现状,并概括了国外研究现状,奠定了研究的文献基础。本文坚持以马克思主义为根本指导思想,综合运用辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义、历史分析、文献研究、理论与实践相联系等多种科学方法开展研究,形成了“核心概念界定——历史逻辑探究——主要内容解析——实践参考提出”的分析思路。本文在介绍研究重点和难点后,阐明了在研究选题、研究视角和研究内容三个方面的创新之处,同时点出了本文研究的不足之处。第二章毛泽东政治激励思想相关概念解析。本章着重辨析了政治、激励、政治激励、毛泽东政治激励思想等与本课题研究相关的核心概念。本文在明确政治和激励两个概念的基础上,从思想政治教育学角度分别界定了政治激励的内涵,指出政治激励是最高层次的一种思想政治教育工作激励方式,主要通过理论学习、宣传教育和政治动员等方法,满足人们政治需求,调动追寻和获取崇高政治思想的积极性和主动性,帮助人们端正思想动机、提高思想觉悟,激发和鼓舞人们树立共同的政治理想,树立科学正确的世界观、人生观和价值观,从而达到实现其共同政治理想的一种方法。本文认为,毛泽东政治激励思想是以毛泽东为代表的中国共产党人和毛泽东创造性地把马克思列宁主义关于激励和政治激励的相关理论和中国革命和社会主义建设实践相结合的产物,是关于中国共产党政治激励工作的理论概括和经验总结,是毛泽东思想和毛泽东思想政治教育工作理论的重要组成部分。毛泽东政治激励思想的研究定位是建立在《关于建国以来党的若干历史问题的决议》和思想政治教育学基础上。第三章毛泽东政治激励思想的形成发展。本章从纵向角度尝试性地描述了毛泽东政治激励思想形成发展的历史过程。本章指出,毛泽东政治激励思想的形成和发展必然脱离不了二十世纪世界和中国独特的历史背景和社会环境。“战争与革命”的时代主旋律和当时整个世界政治形势的剧烈变动是毛泽东政治激励思想形成和发展的时代背景：马克思列宁主义关于政治激励思想的重要论述是毛泽东政治激励思想形成和发展的理论渊源：中西方古今的政治激励思想是毛泽东政治激励思想形成和发展的思想基础。本章认为,毛泽东政治激励思想在中国大地上,在波澜壮阔的新民主主义革命、社会主义革命和社会主义建设实践中逐步生根、萌芽、开花、结果,形成和发展的历史过程为五个阶段：孕育萌芽(1921年—1927年)、开始形成(1927年—1934年)、走向成熟(1935年—1945年)、继续发展(1946年—1956年)、曲折发展(1957年—1966年)。第四章毛泽东政治激励思想的主要内容。本章从横向角度尝试性地对毛泽东政治激励思想的主要内容进行了概括,包括政治激励思想的基本立场、政治激励的核心思想、政治激励的基本经验和政治激励的动员思想四个方面,具体内容为：第一,政治激励思想的基本立场。主要由实事求是政治激励理论、群众路线政治激励理论和独立自主政治激励理论三个方面构成。这三个方面的内容就是毛泽东政治激励思想的基本立场,整体上提高了全党的马克思主义理论水平,激发了全体党员干部和全国各族人民的政治参与热情,引导了他们朝着一致的政治方向,在中国革命和社会主义建设的实践中胜利前行。第二,政治激励的核心思想。主要由马克思主义信仰激励、社会主义信念激励和共产主义信念激励三个方面构成。在长期和艰难的中国革命和社会主义建设过程中,毛泽东运用政治理想信念这一有力武器,极大地了激励全党和全国人民,使全党和全国人民牢固树立了马克思主义信仰、社会主义信念和共产主义信念,朝着共同政治目标阔步前行。第三,政治激励的基本经验。主要由统一战线政治激励理论、武装斗争政治激励理论和党的建设政治激励理论三个方面构成。这三大理论是毛泽东政治激励思想的基本经验,使全体党员和干部掌握了中国革命发展的客观规律,树立了科学的政治观,提高了他们的政治素养,激励他们朝着中国革命的正确方向奋勇前进。第四,政治激励的动员理论。主要由新民主主义革命政治动员激励、社会主义革命政治动员激励和社会主义建设政治动员激励三个方面构成。毛泽东带领中国共产党和全体人民,在新民主主义革命、社会主义革命和社会主义建设的伟大实践过程中,高度重视政治动员,充分发挥政治动员的功能和作用,特别是将政治激励与政治动员紧密结合起来,发表了许多重要论述,形成了政治激励的动员理论。本章认为,这四个方面构成一个系统严密的逻辑体系,政治激励思想的基本立场是本章的逻辑起点,政治激励的核心思想是本章的逻辑中心,政治激励的基本经验是本章的逻辑中介,政治激励的动员理论是本章的逻辑终点。第五章毛泽东政治激励思想的总体特征。本章提出,毛泽东政治激励思想具有阶级性与革命性的统一、理论性与实践性的统一、系统性与创造性的统一、科学性与价值性的统一的四个方面的总体特征。这四个方面的特征是紧密联系,不可分割的。本章指出,方面,正因为具有鲜明的阶级性和革命性,毛泽东政治激励思想才在指导中国革命实践中发挥了重要作用,完成党的思想政治教育任务,为无产阶级和广大人民的根本利益服务,取得了显著的成效。理论性与实践性归根到底就是实践性,实践是理论的基础也是检验真理的唯一标准。另一方面,正因为毛泽东政治激励思想具有理论性与实践性,紧密联系实际,才能在指导实践的过程中不断完善和发展自身,并进一步证明自身的正确性。总之,阶级性与革命性、理论性与实践性是科学性与价值性的基础。系统性与创造性是以上特征的综合表现。本章概括,毛泽东政治激励思想四个方面的特征内在统一,是一个整体,也是毛泽东政治激励思想的内在反映。第六章毛泽东政治激励思想的历史作用。本章阐明了毛泽东政治激励思想在中国革命和建设的历史过程中发挥的极其重要的作用。这些历史作用主要表现为政治导向作用、政治保证作用、政治调动作用和政治凝聚作用四个方面,主要内容为：第一,政治导向作用。毛泽尔政治激励思想起到了十分重要的政治导向作用,通过明确了正确的政治方向,打牢了坚实的思想基础和确立了共同的奋斗目标三个方面表现出来,从而保证了中国革命和建设事业沿着正确的政治轨道前进,为中国革命的最终胜利和社会主义建设取得初步成就提供了坚实的政治保障。第二,政治保证作用。毛泽东政治激励思想起到了重要的政治保证作用,通过政治共识性、思想一致性、行动统一性三个方面来实现,极大地激励全党和全国人民革命斗争和从事建设的积极性,收到了良好的实际效果。第三,政治调动作用。毛泽东政治激励思想的政治调动作用,生动体现在我们党三个重要时期(新民民主主义革命时期、社会主义革命(改造)时期和社会主义建设时期)的实际成效中,调动了全党和全体人民从事革命和建设实践的自觉政治能动性,积极参与中国革命和建设事业,形成了空前强大的政治正能量。第四,政治凝聚作用。毛泽东政治激励思想发挥了重要的政治凝聚作用,主要通过依靠党的领导、依靠科学理论和依靠共同理想三个方面凝聚人心,进一步凝聚了整个中华民族的巨大力量,凝聚了全党的强大力量,凝聚了全国人民的磅礴力量,形成了空前团结和兴旺的政治局面,进一步推动了中国革命和建设的进程。第七章毛泽东政治激励思想的当代价值。本章从历史、现实和发展的三个维度论述了毛泽东政治激励思想的当代价值。本章认为,毛泽东政治激励思想的当代价值主要是理论价值和实践意义：就理论价值而言,丰富和发展了中国共产党思想政治教育理论；增进和深化了我们党对政治激励的认识：推动和促进思想政治教育方法论。就实践意义而言,为凝聚人心、迎接挑战提供思想武器;为统一思想、服务大局提供了理论指导：为克服困难、夺取胜利提供了精神动力。更多还原

【Abstract】 The political motivation is considered as one of the best ideological and political education incentives. As one of the main ideological and political education methods and approaches, it plays a very important role in the process of fulfilling the anticipations of ideological and political education, and has a great influence on completing the task of ideological and political education. Based on the fundamental principles of Marxism-Leninism and long revolution and construction practice, Comrade Mao Zedong explored a series of effective ideological and political methods, especially the political motivation method, to encourage and inspire the whole party, the army and the people’s enthusiasm and creativity for revolution and construction, with people’s solidarity and determination eventually Chinese people made great achievements in the great victory of the Chinese revolution and socialist construction. Along with the advance of history and academic progress, the original political motivation methods used by Comrade Mao Zedong in the long-term practice of revolution and construction has been systematic and theoretical summarized, and gradually transformed into Mao Zedong’s Thoughts of Political Motivation. This idea is not only an integral part of Mao Zedong Thought, but also an important part of Mao Zedong’s Political Thoughts. It is very precious that will be a long-term guidance and a strong impetus to push ideological and political education theory and practice forward. Since the18th party congress, CPC Central Committee has repeatedly stressed that the party across the country should hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, take Deng Xiaoping Theory and "Three Represents" Important Thought, the Scientific Development Concept as Guidance, emancipatory thought, reforming and opening, condense force, gathering strength to tackle tough, unswervingly advance along the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and strive for building a well-off society. Hence, how to make the whole Party and the people of one mind and in the same direction concentric, concentric counterparts, strive towards a common goal:the early completion of a prosperous, democratic, civilized and harmonious modern socialist country, by using political motivation methods, especially play the contemporary value of Mao Zedong’s Thoughts of Political Motivation, has become a major theoretical and practical issues which must be explored by vast ideological and political theorists and educators.Under the guidance of Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory,"Three Represents" Important Thought and the Scientific Concept, this paper employs the methods of Marxist philosophy and the relevant theories of Marxist-Leninist political motivation and regarded the Mao Zedong’s Thoughts of Political Motivation as the study object. Based on the accurate definition of motivation and political motivation, this paper tries to systematically sort out the relevant literature about political motivation and Mao Zedong’s Thoughts of Political Motivation, analyze the forming and development process of Mao Zedong’s Thoughts of Political Motivation, induce the main contents of Mao Zedong’s Thoughts of Political Motivation, summarize historical role of Mao Zedong’s Thoughts of Political Motivation, explore the contemporary value of Mao Zedong’s Thoughts of Political Motivation, and deepen the Chinese Communist Party’s political motivation Thought. Consequently this paper hope to provide new inspiration and ideas for the research of Mao Zedong Thought and the ideological and political education, achieve the goal of socialist modernization and provide a new theoretical reference and guidance to "China Dream" in the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.The paper is divided into seven chapters, the main contents are summarized as follows:Chapter one:Introduction. This chapter mainly explains the background and significances of this research, and systematically summarizes the research contents and research status at home and abroad. In this chapter research ideas and methods are systematically constructed, and the difficulties, innovation and deficiency of the research are also pointed out. This research topic is selected based on the theoretical and mental thinking of Mao Zedong’s Thoughts of Political Motivation and the research process of subject study. The research of Mao Zedong’s Thoughts of Political Motivation is considered to have both important theoretical and practical significances. The theoretical significances are as follows:the research can be very helpful to broaden the research horizon of modern ideological and political education and promote the Marx theory research in China; the practical significances are as follows:the research can be helpful to improve the effectiveness of ideological and political education and provide a theoretical reference for the development of the great cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. This paper systematically summarizes the research status of political motivation and Mao Zedong’s Thoughts of Political Motivation at home and abroad from eight aspects, scientific connotation, main types, relevant ways, functions, background, main contents, effects, and contemporary value, and then lays the literature foundation of the research. Under the guidance of Marxism, this paper employs a variety of scientific methods to conduct research, such as dialectical materialism and historical materialism, historical analysis, literature researches, theory associated with practice, and then formed a "core concept definition-historical logic inquiry-the main content analysis-practical reference" analysis approach. After introducing the research focus and difficult, this paper raises some innovations in three aspects of research topic, research perspective and research content, and points out the deficiency of this research as well.Chapter two:The Basic Concepts of Mao Zedong’s Thoughts of Political Motivation. This chapter focuses on the core concepts of politics, motivation, political motivation, Mao Zedong’s Thoughts of Political Motivation and some relevant concepts. On the basis of two explicit concepts of politics and motivation, this paper defines the connotation of political motivation from both politics and ideological and political education perspectives, and points out that political motivation is considered as one of the best ideological and political education incentives. Mainly through theoretical study, education and political mobilization methods, political motivation can meet people’s political demands, mobilize people’s enthusiasm and initiative to pursue and obtain high political thought, help people correct ideological motivation, improve ideological awareness, stimulate and encourage people to set up a common political ideal, help people set up scientific world outlook, outlook on life and values, so as to achieve the common political goal. Mao Zedong’s Thoughts of Political Motivation is the product based on the relevant theories of the Chinese Communist Party represented by Mao Zedong and Marxism-Leninism combined with long-term practice of the Chinese revolution and socialist construction, is about the summary of Chinese Communist Party political motivate theoretical work, and is an important part of Mao Zedong’s Thoughts of Political Motivation and ideological and political education. Mao Zedong’s Thoughts of Political Motivation is based on <since the founding of the party on a number of historical issues of the resolution> and ideological and political education.Chapter three:The Formation and Development of Mao Zedong’s Thoughts of Political Motivation. Any great political thought is rooted in the specific historical conditions and social background. The formation and development of Mao Zedong’s Thoughts of Political Motivation are bound to the twentieth century and China’s unique historical background and social environment. This chapter pointed out that the background of the formation and development of Mao Zedong’s Thoughts of Political Motivation are the theme of that time,"war and revolution" and the dramatic changes in the world; the theoretical origin of Mao Zedong’s Thoughts of Political Motivation is Marx Lenin’s important exposition about political motivation thought; the foundation of Mao Zedong’s Thoughts of Political Motivation is the western and modern political thought. This chapter believes that during the new democratic revolution, socialist revolution and socialist construction practice in china, the development of Mao Zedong’s Thoughts of Political Motivation can be divided into five stages:sprouting stage (1921-1927), forming stage (1927-1934), mature stage (1935-1945), continue development stage (1946-1956), and tortuous development stage (1957-1966).Chapter four:The Main Content of Mao Zedong’s Thoughts of Political Motivation. This chapter horizontally and tentatively summarizes the main content of Mao Zedong’s Thoughts of Political Motivation, they are the basic position of political motivation thought, the core idea of political motivation thought, the basic esperience of political motivation thought and political motivate motivation thought. Firstly, the basic position of political motivation thought. This thought consists of three theories:political motivation theory of seek truth from facts, political motivation theory of mass line, and political motivation theory of independent. The three theories are the basic positions of Mao Zedong’s Thoughts of Political Motivation, which enable the whole party members to master the objective law of the development of Chinese revolution and establish a scientific political cognition, improve their political literacy, and motivate them towards the correct direction of Chinese revolution. Secondly, the core idea of political motivation thought. This thought also consists of three theories:ideal motivation of Marxism, ideal motivation of socialism, ideal motivation of communism. In the long and difficult process of Chinese revolution and socialist construction, Mao Zedong used political ideal motivation thought to firmly establish the whole party and people’s faith in Marxism, socialism, and communism, and their common political believe. Thirdly, the basic experience of political motivation thought. This thought consists of three theories:political motivation theory of united front, political motivation theory of armed struggle and political motivation theory of party building. The three theories are also the basic experience of Mao Zedong’s Thoughts of Political Motivation, which improve the party’s Marxist theoretical level, guide the political direction of all Party members to the same one, stimulate their enthusiasm for political participation, and ensure the victory of Chinese revolution and socialist construction. Fourthly, political motivate motivation thought. This thought consists of three theories:political motivate motivation of new-democratic revolution, political motivate motivation of socialist revolution, and political motivate motivation of socialist construction. In the process of new-democratic revolution, socialist revolution, and socialist construction the Chinese Communist Party and the whole people attached great importance to political mobilization under the leadership of Mao Zedong. Comrade Mao Zedong elaborated the function and effect of political mobilization, especially the combination of the political motivation and political mobilization, and made many important expositions, eventually formed the important political motivate motivation thought. This chapter believes that these four aspects constitute a logic system, the basic position of political motivation thought is the logical starting point, the core idea of political motivation thought is the logical center, the basic experience of political motivation thought is the logical intermediary, and political motivate motivation thought is the logical end of this chapter.Chapter five:The General Characteristics of Mao Zedong’s Thoughts of Political Motivation. In this chapter, four characteristics are discussed; they are unity of class and revolutionary, unity of theory and practice, unity of systematic and creative, and unity of science and value. These four aspects are closely interconnected and inseparable. On the one hand, because of the distinctive class character and revolutionary character Mao Zedong’s Thoughts of Political Motivation has played an important role in guiding Chinese revolution, completed party’s ideological and political education task, and achieved remarkable results for the proletariat and the fundamental interests of the majority of people. Practice is the key factor of the unity of theory and practice, practice is the basis of the theory and is also the sole criterion for testing truth. On the other hand, because of the unity of theory and practice Mao Zedong’s Thoughts of Political Motivation is closely related to practice, which can continuous improve itself in the process of guiding Chinese movement and eventually prove its correctness. Overall, class and revolutionary, theory and practice are the basis of science and value. Systematic and creative is their comprehensive performance. This chapter concludes that the four characteristics of Mao Zedong’s Thoughts of Political Motivation as a whole is not only an inherent unity of four characteristics, but also the intrinsic reflection of Mao Zedong’s Thoughts of Political Motivation.Chapter six:The Historical Function of Mao Zedong’s Thoughts of Political Motivation. This chapter concerns with the influence of Mao Zedong’s Thoughts of Political Motivation in the process of Chinese revolution and construction. These historical functions are function of political guidance, function of political assurance, function of political mobilization, and function of political cohesion. Firstly, function of political guidance. Mao Zedong’s Thoughts of Political Motivation played a very important role in the function of political guidance. Under the clear and correct political guidance, the function of political guidance ensured the Chinese revolution and construction towards a correct political direction and provided a solid political guarantee for the final victory of the Chinese revolution and socialist construction. Secondly, function of political assurance. Mao Zedong’s Thoughts of Political Motivation played a very important role in the function of political assurance. The function of political assurance greatly inspired the whole Party and the people’s revolutionary enthusiasm and received the good result through three ways: political consensus, unity of consistency, unity of thought action. Thirdly, function of political mobilization. This function vivid reflected in the three important periods (period of the new-democratic revolution, socialist revolution, and socialist construction) in our party, which mobilized conscious political initiative of the whole Party and people in participating Chinese revolution and construction and formed a strong political positive energy. Fourthly, function of political cohesion. Mao Zedong’s Thoughts of Political Motivation played a very important role in the function of political cohesion. This function employed three ways, the leadership of the party, relying on the scientific theory, relying on the common ideal, to unite people. This function further embodied the great strength of the whole nation, the whole party, and the whole country, and formed a unified political situation to promote the Chinese revolution and construction process.Chapter seven:The Contemporary Value of Mao Zedong’s Thoughts of Political Motivation. This chapter discusses the contemporary value of Mao Zedong’s Thoughts of Political Motivation from three dimensions of history, reality and development. This chapter believes that the contemporary value of Mao Zedong’s Thoughts of Political Motivation is mainly about the meaning of theory and practice. As for theory value, it enriched and improved the Chinese Communist Party ideological and political education theory, enhanced and deepened the understanding of political motivation, and promoted the ideological and political education methodology. As for practice value, it provided an ideological weapon for uniting people and meeting challenges, provided theoretical guidance for the unity of thinking and serving the overall situation, and provided the spiritual power to overcome the difficulties.更多还原