【作者】 钱嫦萍；

【导师】 陈振楼； 王军；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 环境科学， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 严重的城市水环境污染问题不仅成为制约中国经济发展的重要问题,还直接危害到城市居民健康和城市生态安全。近年来,国家十分重视城市河流污染问题,在“水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项”等的资助下,投入大量经费开展城市河流污染综合治理,在治理技术研发与技术示范工程等方面取得了重要成果,但还存在着些许不足,总体表现为三个方面：城市河流污染治理技术类型多但缺乏系统梳理,技术示范工程不断增加但缺乏治理绩效评估,技术应用和推广的信息化较为落后。基于这些问题,本论文以国家水专项课题“城市黑臭河道外源阻断、工程修复与原位多级生态净化关键技术研究与示范”子课题四“城市黑臭河道治理共性技术集成与服务平台构建研究(2009ZX07317-006-04)”为依托,系统开展了城市河流污染治理共性技术集成体系、污染治理工程绩效评估体系、污染治理管理信息系统等研究,研究成果对我国河流污染治理技术的推广,河流治理工程绩效评估与信息化具有一定的科学和现实指导意义。主要研究成果包含：(1)构建了适合我国南方城市河流污染治理的共性技术体系。在对我国南方城市河流污染与治理效果调查,系统梳理我国南方城市河流污染治理技术与应用情况,并查阅大量国内外城市河流污染治理技术研究文献的基础上,论文对目前国内外使用的常用城市河流污染治理技术进行了梳理,凝练筛选出四大类18项适用于我国南方城市河流污染治理的技术体系。该技术体系包括5项点源污染治理共性技术,5项面源污染治理共性技术,3项底泥污染治理共性技术和5项水污染治理共性技术。论文对18项共性技术的研发背景与国内外研究进展、技术原理与特点等进行了归纳和总结,着重揭示技术研发的背景、国内外应用实践情况、技术的基本原理、技术的操作流程、关键参数以及技术的优缺点等方面的共性特征,为该技术体系在我国南方城市河流污染治理中的应用提供技术信息参考与指导。(2)设计了适合我国南方城市河流污染治理工程绩效评估体系。在系统分析我国部分南方城市河流污染治理工程实施状况与治理特点,并全面调查国内外工程绩效评估理论与方法基础上,依据可持续发展理论、城市生态学理论和健康河流理论,建立了城市河流污染治理工程绩效评估的“压力-状态-响应”(P-S-R)概念模型。依托P-S-R模型,从工程实施的经济效益、生态环境效益和社会民生效益三方面出发,建立了包括3个子系统、9个评价主题和23个具体指标的评估指标体系；通过发放调查问卷、邀请17位专家打分和专题会议现场咨询方式,采用层次分析法(AHP)确定了绩效评估体系中各项指标的权重;参考国内外相关标准,确定了各项指标评价等级划分与评价标准。最终形成了适合南方城市的河流污染治理工程绩效评估体系。(3)开发了城市河流污染治理管理信息系统。结合当前环境治理领域的信息化建设需求,在构建“城市河流污染治理共性技术集成体系”和“城市河流污染治理工程绩效评估体系”基础上,基于地理信息系统(GIS)和SQL Server2005数据库技术,采用Microsoft Visual. Studio2008C#,开发了城市河流污染治理管理信息系统。该系统包含四个子系统,分别为：可用于对四大类18项城市河流污染治理共性技术信息的浏览与查询子系统,可用于提供河流污染治理技术优化服务的综合技术服务子系统,可用于对城市河流污染治理工程绩效评估子系统,以及用户管理与技术数据更新维护子系统。(4)开展了城市河流污染治理共性技术与工程绩效评估的实证研究。选取我国南方典型城市河流温州市九山外河和昆明市盘龙江(南坝村段)为示范河段,对两个示范河段污染治理共性技术应用情况进行细致分析,并通过实地考察、调查问卷、现场监测、实验室分析、调研走访、文献查阅等形式获取两个示范河段工程治理信息。依托所建立的“城市河流污染治理管理信息系统”,对两个示范河段污染治理所实施的工程绩效进行了评估。绩效评估结果显示：温州市九山外河污染治理工程属于有效水平(E=6.22),已产生了明显的经济效益(E=6.91)和生态环境效益(E=6.97),然而社会民生效益还需加强(E=4.81)；盘龙江南坝村示范河段污染治理工程绩效指数E为7.36,属于有效水平,所产生的经济效益(E=7.09)、生态环境效益(E=7.67)和社会民生效益(E=7.12)均较为显著。本论文的主要特色与创新点如下：(1)城市河流污染治理共性技术集成体系的建立,为我国南方城市河流污染治理提供了技术信息的参考与指导。论文系统归纳了中国南方城市河流污染治理技术应用现状,结合国内外城市河流污染治理的成熟技术,根据河道治理技术的普适性、新颖性、绿色性、成熟性、可靠性、推广性等六大筛选原则,开展了面向我国南方城市河流污染治理需要的共性技术集成,建立了适合我国南方城市河流污染治理的四大类18项共性技术集成体系,可为我国南方城市河流污染治理提供系统参考。(2)城市河流污染治理工程绩效评估体系的建立,为我国南方城市河流污染治理工程效果的定量评估提供了便于操作的方法。论文系统分析了国内外工程绩效评估理论与方法,充分考虑了我国工程绩效评估的可操作性,构建了包括河流污染治理工程绩效评估指标、指标权重确定方法、综合评估模型等为一体的适用于我国南方城市河流污染治理工程绩效评估的方法体系,可用于对我国南方城市河流治理工程带来的经济效益、生态环境效益和社会民生效益进行定量评估。(3)城市河流污染治理管理信息系统的研发,为城市河流污染治理技术的浏览与查询、工程绩效评估等提供了便于操作的工具。论文在开展共性技术集成体系和工程绩效评估指标体系研究的基础上,利用GIS技术,研发了综合城市河流污染治理共性技术和工程绩效评估功能的管理信息系统。该系统可用于对适用于南方城市河流污染治理的共性技术浏览与查询、重要示范工程治理效果的展示、治理技术优选与推荐以及治理工程绩效评估等辅助决策。更多还原

【Abstract】 Serious pollution problem in urban water environment has been not only an important issue which restricts China’s economic development, but has also directly endangered the health of urban residents and urban ecological security. In recent years, Chinese government attaches great importance to the pollution problem of urban river. With the subsidization of "Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment" and other fundings, Chinese government invested a large amount of money to carry out the comprehensive treatment of the urban river pollution and has achieved significant results in the research and development of treatment technology and the demonstration projects etc., but there are also some deficiencies which overall manifest as follows:1. There are plenty kinds of the treatment technology in urban river pollution but lacking of systematization;2. There is the continuously increasing of the technology demonstration projects but lacking of the assessment of treatment performance;3. The informatization of technology application and promotion is underdeveloped yet. Based on these problems, this thesis depends on the national special water pollution control project,"key technology research on urban black-odor river exogenous blocking, engineering repair, multi-level ecological purification and in situ demonstration", and systematically carried out the researches of the generic technical integration system of pollution in urban river, the performance evaluation system and performance evaluation service platform, and information management systems of pollution treatment etc.. The achievements of researches have certain scientific and practical significance in the promotion of treatment technology in China’s river pollution and the performance evaluation and informatization of river treatment project. Main research conclusions of this thesis are as follows:(1) Constructing a generic technology system which is suitable for our domestic river pollution treatment in South China. Based on the investigations of China’s river pollution and treatment effect in the southern city, the thesis systemizes pollution treatment technology and applications in south China’s city rivers and accesses to a large number of domestic and foreign research literatures of urban river pollution treatment technology. The thesis also systemizes the commonly used treatment technology in urban rivers both in domestic and foreign countries and concisely screens four main categories and18terms of technologies systems of pollution treatment which are suitable to be applied in Chinese city. The technology system includes five generic treatment technologies for point pollution, five for surface pollution, three generic treatment technologies for sediment pollution and five generic technologies for water pollution. And the research background, domestic and foreign research advance, the fundamental principles and features of above18generic technologies were systematically summarized, centering on revealing the generic features of the background of the research and development, domestic and foreign applications, basic principles, operation procedures, key parameters and advantages and the counterparts of technologies etc. in order to offer technology reference and guidance of the application of this technology system in the treatment of urban rivers in South China.(2) Designing the system of performance evaluation for river pollution treatment project in China’s southern cities. Based on the systematically analysis of the river pollution treatment project’s status and treatment features in parts of the southern Chinese cities, the theory of sustainable development, urban ecology and the theory of healthy river, the conceptual model of performance evaluation in urban river pollution treatment project which is named "Pressure-State-Response "(PSR) was established after a comprehensive survey in domestic and international engineering theories and methods of performance evaluation. Relying on the PSR model, from three aspects which are the social economic benefits, ecological environment benefits and social livelihood benefits of the project implementation, the thesis establishes the evaluation system which has three sub-systems, nine evaluation subjects and twenty-three detailed index. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to define each indicator’s weigh of performance evaluation system by using issuing questionnaires, inviting17experts scoring and consulting special conferences, and to establish performance evaluation system for river pollution treatment project in south china.(3) Developing the management information system of urban river pollution treatment. Combined with the current informatization requirements in environment treatment, the thesis developed the treatment management information system for river pollution by using Microsoft Visual. Studio2008C#., based on the constructed "river pollution generic technology integration system" and "performance evaluation system of urban river pollution treatment project," Geographic Information System (GIS) and SQL Server2005database technology. The system consists of four subsystems, namely: browsing and query subsystem which can be used for four categories18items of generic technology information for urban river pollution, integrated technology services subsystem that can be used to provide optimization services for river pollution treatment technology, performance evaluation subsystem for urban river pollution treatment project, and the subsystem for user management and maintenance of technology data update.(4) Carrying out the empirical research for urban river pollution generic technology and engineering performance evaluation. The thesis selects typical urban rivers in southern China, Wenzhou Jiushanwai River and Kunming Panlong River (South Ba village), as the demonstration river. The thesis conducts a detailed analysis of the application of the river pollution treatment generic technologies in these two rivers. Through the field visits, surveys by questionnaires, field monitoring, analysis in laboratory, investigation, literature reviewing and other forms of access to get information on the two demonstration projects of rivers. Relying on the establishment of the "management information system of urban river pollution treatment", the performance of two implemented rivers pollution treatment demonstration project were assessed. Performance assessment results show as follows:pollution treatment project of Jiushanwai river, Wenzhou, is in effective level (E=6.22) which has generated significant economic benefits (E=6.91) and environmental benefits (E=6.97), but also need to strengthen the social and livelihood benefits (E=4.81); the performance index E of Panlong river, South Ba village, demonstration pollution treatment project, is7.36which belongs to the effective level and has significant benefits in economic benefits (E=7.09), environmental benefits (E=7.67) and social livelihood benefits (E=7.12).The main features and innovations of this thesis as in the follow:(1) The establishment of generic treatment technology integration system in urban river pollution provides reference and guidance of technical information in southern China. The paper systematically summarizes the status of the application of urban river pollution treatment technology in southern China combined with the mature domestic and abroad technology. According to the six main principles of river treatment technology selection, general application, novelty, green, maturity, reliability and applicability, the generic technologies which are suitable for the urban river treatment in the southern area of our country is integrated. The thesis forms a generic technology system with four main categories and18terms generic technologies, which are suitable to be applied in southern Chinese cities. This generic technology system could provide the systematic reference for the application of urban river treatment technology in cities of southern China.(2) Establishing the performance evaluation system of treatment project in urban river pollution and providing the operation method, which is ease to be used for quantitative assessment of the effect in river pollution treatment projects in cities of southern China. This thesis systematically analyzes the theory and methods of the project performance evaluation in domestic and foreign. Based on the fully consideration of the operability in our country, a project performance evaluation system is constructed, which is suitable to be used in urban river treatment performance evaluation in southern Chinese cities including performance evaluation index in river pollution treatment project, method of defining the weight of indicator, the integrative performance evaluation models etc.. The system can be used for quantitative assessments in economic benefits, environmental benefits and social and livelihood benefits which the urban river treatment project brings out in China’s southern cities.(3) Developing the management information system of treatment in urban river pollution and providing an easy tool of operation for browsing and querying in urban river pollution treatment technology and the performance evaluation of projects. Based on the research of carrying out generic technology integration system and performance evaluation index system of engineering, by the GIS technology, this thesis develops the integrated generic technology in urban river pollution and management information system for performance evaluation in engineering. The system can be used to apply for decision support by browsing and querying the generic technology in urban river pollution, demonstrating the effect of the treatment result on an important demonstration project, selecting and recommending the optimal treatment technology and the performance evaluation in treatment engineering etc. in cities of southern China.更多还原