【作者】 臧锐；

【导师】 杨青山；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 人文地理学， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 快速城市化背景下引发的水资源短缺与浪费并存、用水效率低下、水旱灾害频发、水资源污染严重和水环境恶化等现象频发，城市化进程中的水环境问题逐渐引起城市学、空间经济学和生态学界内的广泛关注，城市化发展对水环境变化的影响更成为研究热点。本文从水环境对城市化发展的响应这一逆向思维出发，探讨吉林省城市化发展的水环境效应问题，尝试回答吉林省城市化发展过程中，水环境对城市化发展是否有响应、城市化发展的水环境效应究竟如何，各市州的水环境效应差异及原因。本文选取人口城市化、经济城市化、空间城市化和社会城市化等4个反映吉林省综合城市化的指标，以及水环境压力、水环境状态和水环境响应等3个反映吉林省综合水环境质量的指标，运用PSR模型，尝试构建吉林省水环境对城市化发展的响应框架。具体内容包括以下三部分。第一部分包括第一章和第二章。首先，明确提出文章研究的学术背景和应用背景，进而引出文章的理论意义和实践意义。其次，明确文中主要的研究方法、技术路线，并对文章统计计算中所涉及的数据进行说明。第三，界定文中提到的城市化与水环境的内涵，本文并未重新界定城市化的概念，但认为人口、经济、空间、社会以及生态环境都是城市化的重要体现，也是衡量区域城市化质量的重要标准。本文中提及的水环境特指城市水环境，其是由城市地理空间内的各种水体及其产生、循环和分布的环境要素构成的地理系统功能的整体，是一个开放的、复杂系统。由此确定研究重点为探讨水环境压力、水环境状态以及水环境响应等综合指标对城市化的不同响应特征。最后，对文章的理论基础进行了回顾，对城市化以及城市化与水环境关系的研究综述进行梳理。第二部分包括第三章和第四章。即对城市化水平和水环境指数进行多维度的测度及时空演变特征分析，在对各指标进行统计性描述的同时，分析吉林省城市化水平和水环境指数的空间分布和演变情况。吉林省城市化发展的时空演变特征为：各城市化指标的分布格局均呈现中高周低特征，各市州城市化质量差异显著；以长春和吉林为中心的双中心集聚特征开始显现，但一体化发展任重道远；空间城市化是人口城市化的直接表象，经济发展是推动社会发展的关键因素。吉林省水环境的时空演变特征为：水环境发展格局总体上中东部地区优于西部地区，中部地区优势地位逐渐显现；水资源禀赋是影响水环境各项指数的基础力量，经济因素影响越来越重要；水环境压力指数是影响综合指数的主要因素，状态指数、响应指数对压力指数的敏感性并不高。第三部分包括第五章，通过运用PSR模型建立水环境对城市化的响应关系，着重探讨水环境对城市化发展的响应特征。统计结果显示，吉林省水环境对城市化发展的响应主要体现在：吉林省的城市化发展在一定程度上提升了水环境质量；吉林省城市水环境对城市化的响应在增强；水环境对城市化响应强度高值区分布具有经济发展和水资源禀赋指向性；水环境压力对城市化的响应呈现两极同化特征；空间城市化是促进水环境状态改善的主要影响因素；水环境状态对城市化的响应受区域水资源丰缺限制；经济发展是水环境响应指标变化的前提条件。在上述研究基础上，提出了吉林省城市化与水资源保护的协调发展对策。更多还原

【Abstract】 Under the background of rapid urbanization, the occurrence of similar phenomena likewater resources shortage and waste, low water use efficiency, frequent floods and drought,serious water pollution and water environment deterioration are frequently. Waterenvironmental problems in urbanization process gradually caused widespread concern byurban ecology, spatial economics and ecology. The influence of urbanization developments onwater environment changes has attracted more attention and become a research hotspot. Thearticle addresses the reverse thinking that how water environment response to urbanizationdevelopments，explorered the relationship between urbanization developments and waterenvironment changes in Jilin Province and tries to provide answers to questions on whetherwater environment has response to urbanization developments or not, how to response, andthe response differences and reasons in every urban places. The article chooses populationurbanization, economy urbanization, spatial urbanization and social urbanization these fourindex to reflect comprehensive urbanization index of Jilin province, water environmentpressure, water environment status and water environment respond these three index to reflectthe quality of comprehensive water environment, the paper use PSP model to try to establishthe framework of water environment response to the urbanization development in JilinProvince. Details are as follows：The first part includes chapter1and chapter2. Firstly, the article make the academicbackground and application background clear, and further point out its both theoretical andpractical meanings. Secondly, explicit the main research methods, technical line and explainthe data involved in statistical computing in this article. Thirdly, define the concept ofurbanization and water environment. Although the article doesn’t re-define urbanization, thepopulation, economy, space, society and ecological environment are all thought to theimportant reflections of urbanization, as well as the important measures of regionalurbanization quality. The water environment mentioned in this article specifically refers towater environment in urban areas, it is a entirety of geographical system function which iscomposed of all kinds of water in urban geography space and environment factors affectingits generation, circulation and distribution. It is also an open complicated system, calledUrban Hydrologic System. Thus confirming the research is focused on the different responsefeature of water environment pressure, water environment status, water environment respondand other comprehensive index to urbanization. Finally, the article has a review on thetheoretical fundamental and sorts out the research on urbanization and the relationship towater environment. The second part includes the third chapter and the fourth chapter, namely makemultidimensional measure and the temporal-spatial evolution characteristics analysis for theurbanization level and water environmental index. The distribution pattern of urbanizationindicators showed a characteristic that high in the middle and surrounded by low, cities andprefectures significant differences in the quality of urbanization; as the center of Changchunand Jilin agglomeration characteristics of two-center began to show, but still a long way tointegrated development; spatial urbanization is direct representation of populationurbanization, economic development is a key factor in promoting social development. Overalldevelopment pattern of water environment in the eastern better than western regions, thecentral region is gradually emerging dominance; water resources endowment is the basisforces on the impact of water environment indexes, economic factors more important; waterenvironment pressure index is the main factor affecting the composite index, and the stateindex, the response index sensitivity to pressure index is not high.The third part includes chapter5.Through the PSR model, it probes into the evolutioncharacteristic that water environment effect on urbanization development. The statistics showthat the urbanization development of Jilin province enhances water environmental quality in acertain extent; the response of city water environment to urbanization is growing in Jilinprovince, and the distribution of response intensity high value area has economicdevelopment and water resources endowments directivity; the response of water environmentpressure to urbanization presents the characteristics of bipolar assimilation; spatialurbanization is the main factor that improves the state of water environmental; the response ofwater environmental status to urbanization restricted by regional water shortage andabundance; economic development is the base of water environment response index. On thebasis of the above research，The countermeasures of coordinated development are proposed interms of urbanization and water resources protection in Jilin province.更多还原