【作者】 徐日君；

【导师】 刘雨；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 中国现当代文学， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 迟子建是一个极具东北特质的女作家，独特的黑土地文化赋予了她北方人民独有的豪爽与真诚。对于迟子建的研究，学者们更多关注她的地域文化研究、自然观研究、儿童视角的研究、女性主义研究、生命主体研究和异域文化研究。然而迟子建小说所体现出来的那种坚持、苍凉、宽容、和谐、神性、宿命的主题，却很少有人专章论述。在中国当代文学史的研究上，迟子建研究没能引起学界的足够重视。迟子建是一个很特别的作家，这位“极地之女”、“北国精灵”几十年如一日地坚持自己的写作风格，不被社会上的“流行”所打动。如果不是因为获得第七届“茅盾文学奖”、三次获得“鲁迅文学奖”以及“冰心散文奖”、“庄重文文学奖”等文学奖项，迟子建可能仍一直默默无闻地栖居在北国的一隅，坚守着自己的写作信念。本文从地域文化和民俗风情的视角出发，主要阐释了迟子建小说所呈现的“黑土地风情画”的文化含义，认识作家的民族情感；从作家的生活经历和情感体验入手，阐释迟子建小说的主题、意象、人物、传奇叙事和诗性之美。尤其是历史记忆与民族记忆逐渐成为作家的写作重点之后，对于小说人物内心的分析、把握以及散文化叙事更应引起学者的关注。当然迟子建小说所体现出来的神性和宿命观，那种“边地”情结和“独行”思想更能让人神往。迟子建是一个很特别的作家，她的小说也有一种特别的味道。读迟子建的小说，没有王安忆小说的繁琐与夸张，也没有方方小说的深刻与残忍。她的小说有种特别的灵性，有一种“人在文中”的感觉。本文采取作品对比、统计分析、组合阐释等方法，从五个方面来研究迟子建的小说。其一：精神家园的守望——迟子建小说的主题世界；其二：红尘中绽放的生命——迟子建小说的人物形象；其三：黑土地文化的凝结——迟子建小说中的意象世界；其四：“泪鱼”的回眸——迟子建小说的叙事策略；其五：北极光的神韵——迟子建小说的审美形态研究。在“主题世界”一章中，将迟子建的精神家园与小说的主题结合到一起，从道德主题、暴力主题、怀旧主题、成长主题四个方面研究作家的文学理想、创作记忆和情感体验。在“人物世界”一章中，从“女性天地”、“傻子乐园”、“异族部落”、“亲情世界”四个方面研究迟子建小说的人物，抛弃传统的人物研究方法，从作品本身的人物身份出发，着重研究作者是如何消解小说中人物的身份、地位的差异，如何将人物放到一个平台生活、表演。在“意象世界”一章中，将黑土地文化与小说的意象结合到一起进行研究，从“自然意象与生命书写”、“乡村意象与家园书写”、“空灵意象与死亡书写”、“动物意象与和谐书写”四个方面入手，集中笔墨研究生命、家园、死亡、和谐，诠释东北黑土地文化的风俗画。在“传奇世界”一章中，从“民俗传奇”、“神话传奇”、“历史传奇”、“小人物大传奇”四个方面研究迟子建小说的“传奇性”特点。将迟子建小说的“传奇”与民俗、神话、历史、小人物融合在一起，表达了“北极村”的无限张力，让读者领略到东北黑土地文化的独特风姿。在“审美意象”一章中，从“日常之美”、“情感之美”、“简约之美”、“生态美学”、“迟子建与萧红审美形态比较”几个方面将迟子建小说的研究提升到“美学”的高度。从诗性、简约、色彩、童趣四个方面去领会迟子建小说创作的艺术魅力。迟子建是一个很特别的作家。意象、主题、人物、传奇和诗性构成了迟子建小说的骨架。在这个多元化发展的时代，对于一个作家的研究也应该是多方位的，但是迟子建留给我们的坚持、苍凉、宽容、诗性、生命、和谐却是抹不去的。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chi Zijian，a female writer, from the Northeast of China, shares a typical localcharacter of generosity and sincerity endowed by the unique black soil culture. Studies onher by many scholars mainly focus on her perspectives of regional culture, the naturalview, children’s angle, the Feminism, the subject of life and the exotic culture. However,the themes of "perseverance, desolation, tolerance, harmony, divinity and fate", which arereflected in her novels, are seldom discussed in details. In the study of contemporaryChinese literature history, Chi Zijian hasn’t aroused enough attention in the academia.ChiZijian is a very special writer. This "polar girl", or "northern angel", devotes to her ownstyle of writing consistently, never affected by the so-called "popular" in thecontemporary society. If not for access to the seventh "Mao Dun Literary Award", theLuXun Prize for Literature for three times and the Bing Xin Prose Award, Zhuang ZhongwenLiterature Award and other literary awards, Chi Zijian may have never been known to thepublic and still lived in the north sticking to her faith of writing.From the perspectives of regional culture and folk customs, the article mainlyexplains her cultural meaning of "black land style painting" and cognizes the author’snational emotion and from the perspective of the writer’s life history and emotionalmemory, the thesis mainly illustrates the beauty of her works’imagery, themes, characters,legends and poetic quality. Especially after the historical memory and national memorygradually become the writer’s writing focus, the analysis and understanding of characters’inner heart, and prose narrative should arouse more attention of scholars. Of course, thedivinity and fatalism, the "border district complex" and "unique ideology" reflected in ChiZijian’s novels, are more fascinating. Chi Zijian is a very special writer whose novelshave a kind of special flavor, which are not as complicated and exaggerated as WangAnyi’s novels, nor as profound and cruel as Fang Fang’s works. Her novels have a kind ofspecial spirituality, as if you were in the plot while reading.This article adopts work comparison analysis, statistical analysis, combinationinterpretation method etc., to study Chi Zijian’s novels in the following five aspects: first,protection of spiritual home——study on the novels’themes；second, condensation of theblack soil culture——study on the image world of Chi’s novels; third,the life bloomed inthe human world——research on the character images; fourth, glancing back of "tearingfish"——research on the legendary narration; fifth, romantic charm of northernlights——research on the aesthetic form.In the Chapter of "theme world", the paper combines Chi’s spiritual home and thetheme of the novel together, and conducts a research on the literary ideal, composingmemory, and emotion experience from the theme of ethics, violence, nostalgic, andgrowth. In the Chapter of "character world", the author studies the character of her novelfrom the aspect of "female world","fool’s paradise","different tribe" and "family world".Instead of adopting the traditional character research methods, the author carries out theresearch from the identity of characters in her works, focuses on how the author smoothesaway the differences in the characters’ identity and status, and consequently puts them onthe same stage to perform and live their lives. In the Chapter of "image world", the authorstudies the combination of the black soil culture and imagery of the novel, and focuses on life, home, death, and harmony to interpret the black soil culture in the northeast from thefollowing four aspects, which are "natural images and life writing","rural imagery andhomestead writing","ethereal image and death writing", and "animal imagery andharmony writing".In the chapter of "Legends world", the author conducts a research onthe feature of "legend" from "folk legend","myth legend","history legend", and "smallpotato legend", combining the "legend" with folklore, mythology, history, and smallpotato to express infinite tension of "north village", allowing readers to appreciate theunique charm of the black soil culture in northeast. In the chapter of the " aesthetic image",the author lifts the study on Chi’s novels to the" aesthetics" height from the beauty ofeveryday life","beauty of affection","beauty of simplicity","beauty of ecologicalaesthetic", as well as "the comparison of aesthetic forms between Chi Zijian and XiaoHong". We should appreciate Chi’s artistic charm from the aspects of poetry, simplicity,color, and children’s exciting world.Chi Zijian is a very special writer. Imagery, themes, characters, legends and poeticform the framework of her novels. In the times of diversification, the study on a writershould also be diversified. But perseverance, desolation, tolerance, poetic, life andharmony conveyed in her novels are indelible.更多还原